Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of <i>Phillyrea latifolia</i> exposed to excess solar radiation

Tattini, Massimiliano; Gravano, Elisabetta; Pinelli, Patrizia; Mulinacci, Nadia; Romani, Annalisa

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00743.x

Cited by 204 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although the central pathway for flavonoid biosynthesis is conserved in plants, various enzymes such as isomerases, reductases, hydroxylases, methyltransferases, glycosyltransferases, and acyltransferases are known to modify the basic flavonoid skeleton, leading to the species-specific flavonoids. Flavonoid glycosides were found exclusively in the secretory products of glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia leaves when exposed to high levels of sunlight, which suggested the flavonoids in glandular trichomes probably provide UV-protection for plants (Agati and Tattini 2010;Tattini et al 2000).…”

Section: Phenylpropanoids and Polyketidesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent progress in secondary metabolism of plant glandular trichomes

Wang

2014

Plant Biotechnology

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Trichomes can be found on the surfaces of the leaves, stems, and other organs of many angiosperm plants. Plant trichomes are commonly divided into two classes: glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes. Glandular trichomes produce large quantities of specialized natural compounds of diverse classes and are regarded as 'chemical factories' due to their impressively efficient biosynthetic capacities. This efficiency makes glandular trichomes an excellent experimental system for the elucidation of both the biosynthesis and the mechanisms of regulation of natural product pathways. The development of various -omics techniques has greatly accelerated experimental procedures that are typically used in combination with trichome studies. The purpose this review is to provide an introduction to the methods and technologies used for the investigation of glandular trichomes, to summarize current progress in the field, and to highlight the potential applications of trichome studies in metabolic engineering using the strategies of synthetic biology.

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Section: Phenylpropanoids and Polyketidesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent progress in secondary metabolism of plant glandular trichomes

Wang

2014

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the change in flavonoid composition of plant leaves as a consequence of excess light or UV-radiation (Lois 1994, Olsson et al 1998, Hofmann et al 2000, Tattini et al 2000, Kolb et al 2001. The activation of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by UV-radiation has been shown in a number of studies (Logemann et al 2000).…”

Section: Environmental Significance Of Flavonoids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.)

Jaakola¹,

Hohtola²,

Määttä³

et al. 2003

Acta Hortic.

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Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites in plants that are involved in many important functions. Various flavonoid compounds have also been reported to be beneficial for human health. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is the characteristic field layer species in boreal forests and the fruits of bilberry are rich in anthocyanin pigments, a subclass of flavonoids. In the present work, flavonoid biosynthesis was examined in different tissues of bilberry. The focus was on the developing fruits of wild type and natural color mutants of bilberry, and on effect of solar radiation on flavonoid biosynthesis in bilberry leaves.For the isolation of RNA for gene expression analysis, a method was optimized for different tissues of bilberry. The cDNA fragments of five genes from the flavonoid pathway, coding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavanol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin synthase, were isolated from bilberry using polymerase chain reaction technique, sequenced, and labelled with dioxigenin-dUTP label. These homologous, bilberry-specific probes were used for determining the expression of the flavonoid pathway genes in bilberry fruits, flowers and leaves with a modified non-radioactive method developed in the course of the study. The anthocyanins, catechins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids in fruits, leaves and different fractions of bilberry were identified and quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector and mass spectrometer.The results demonstrate a correlation between anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the flavonoid pathway genes during the ripening of berries. A correlation between flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis was detected in bilberry and also in previous literature collected from flavonol and anthocyanin analyses from other fruits. Accordingly, models for the connection between flavonol and anthocyanin synthesis in fruit species were suggested. Activation of the expression of flavonoid pathway genes and accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids was detected in leaves growing under direct solar radiation, compared to the shadow leaves of the same plants. Based on the results, it is suggested that cyanidin of anthocyanins and flavonol quercetin play a predominant role in the defence against high solar radiation in Vaccinium leaves.The results give new information about the biosynthesis of flavonoids in bilberry at the gene level, in addition to the information of the composition and content of flavonoids during fruit development and in different parts of the bilberry plant. Also, new information was obtained of the roles of flavonoids in protecting plants from excess solar radiation.

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“…However, in light of the significantly higher total number in the leaves after DWGW treatment, it is probable that DWGW treatment induced an increase in glandular trichomes in silver birch seedlings and an increase in non-glandular trichomes in pubescent birch seedlings. It has been suggested that both types of trichomes are involved in protection against water loss by reducing air movement at the leaf surface and by increasing the thickness of the boundary layer of leaves (Tattini et al 2000). Moreover, both types of trichomes were mainly on the veins (II, Figure 1b, c) so they can also be physically bound to the water movement between the inner and outer parts of the leaves as suggested by Fernández et al (2014).…”

Section: Leaf and Stem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of waterlogging on boreal forest tree seedlings during dormancy and early growing season

Wang¹

2017

Diss. For.

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More precipitation in the form of rain in winter together with deteriorated ditch networks may expose drained peatland forestry to winter or spring waterlogging in boreal forests. The response of main boreal forest species on soil waterlogging is important for predicting forest productivity and justifying the demand for ditch network maintenance. In this study, the aim was to find out the physiological and growth responses of 1-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and pubescent birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings subjected to one-month waterlogging at the end of the dormancy phase, and to find out the morphology, physiology and growth of silver birch and pubescent birch seedlings subjected to one-month waterlogging at the beginning of the growing season.Two experiments were carried out in growth chambers. In experiment 1, Norway spruce seedlings were subjected to either no waterlogging or waterlogging for one month at 2 o C, after which a six-week follow-up growing season allowed the seedlings to recover. In experiment 2, silver birch and pubescent birch seedlings went through a four-week dormancy (weeks 1-4), a four-week early growing season (weeks 5-8), and a four-week late growing season (weeks 9-12). The treatments were 1) no waterlogging throughout the experiment (NW); 2) four-week waterlogging during dormancy (Dormancy waterlogging, DW); 3) four-week waterlogging during the early growing season (Growth waterlogging, GW); and 4) four-week dormancy waterlogging followed by four-week growth waterlogging during the early growing season (DWGW).Dormancy waterlogging reduced root volume and increased root mortality, but did not affect dark-acclimated chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m ) or the biomass of leaves, stems and roots in Norway spruce. Root biomass and root hydraulic conductance (K r ) of silver birch was reduced but aboveground organs were not affected by dormancy waterlogging. On the contrary, in pubescent birch root morphology, biomass and K r were not affected, but gas exchange was reduced by dormancy waterlogging. However, the biomass of leaves and stems was not negatively affected in pubescent birch. In conclusion, these tree species can tolerate a one-month winter waterlogging well.Growth waterlogging led to the reduction of stomatal conductance (g s ), and thus the reduction of light-saturated photosynthesis rate (A max ) in both birch species, although recovery was seen during the follow-up growing season. It also led to lower leaf area in both birch species. Growth waterlogging led also to decreased the K, Ca, Mg, Mn and B contents of leaves in silver birch, whereas in pubescent birch only Ca and Mg contents were decreased. In pubescent birch, fine cluster roots, the incidence of non-glandular trichomes, and stem lenticels were increased by growth waterlogging. However, silver birch did not show such acclimation to waterlogging. In conclusion, growth waterlogging caused more negative effects to both birch species than dormancy waterl...

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Flavonoids accumulate in leaves and glandular trichomes of Phillyrea latifolia exposed to excess solar radiation

Cited by 204 publications

References 57 publications

Recent progress in secondary metabolism of plant glandular trichomes

Recent progress in secondary metabolism of plant glandular trichomes

Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.)

Effect of waterlogging on boreal forest tree seedlings during dormancy and early growing season

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