Flavonoids and Alzheimer’s disease: reviewing the evidence for neuroprotective potential

Pharmacological Activities and Molecular Mechanisms of Sinapic Acid in Neurological Disorders

“…Plant-derived compounds, specifically flavonoids like limonene, curcumin, naringin, resveratrol, crocin, and naringenin, have gained significant attention for AD treatment during the past decades due to their promising neuroprotective effects via binding to toxicity, ansferrin, downregulating TNF-α, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress, reducing Aβ protein generation and ROS clearance, hindering proinflammatory cytokines’ production, plus mitochondrial toxicity and cholinergic dysfunction reduction. − In this context, multiple studies have investigated the therapeutic potency of SA in AD models. SA administration in AD in vivo models, induced by Aβ (1–42), AlCl 3 , and streptozotocin, demonstrated neuronal cell death reduction, glial cell activation, iNOS expression enhancement, and increased antioxidant enzyme levels leading to memory loss prevention and MAO-A and MAO-B blockade, in addition to an appropriate response to chemical and pathological changes in induced memory and learning impairment. − In scopolamine-induced AD models, Lee et al demonstrated SA’s potency to ameliorate both long- and short-term spatial memory deficits as well as avoid memory loss through upregulation of hippocampus synaptic activity and the stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression.…”