Flavonoids in major cereal grasses: distribution, functions, biosynthesis, and applications

Lam, Pui Ying; Wang, Lanxiang; Lui, Andy C. W.; Hongjia, Liu; Umezawa, Toshiaki; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Lo, Clive

doi:10.1007/s11101-023-09873-0

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 389 publications

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“…Flavone O-conjugates and their aglycones, (e.g., apigenin and luteolin) are constitutive metabolites in stem and leaf tissues of grasses. Apigenin and luteolin are generally O-glycosylated; however, flavone C-glycosides, which contain sugar residues covalently linked to C-6 and/or C-8 in the flavonoid A-ring, co-exist with flavone O-conjugates as predominant flavonoids [33,50].…”

Section: Quantitative Determination Of Flavonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings

Dubery,

Nephali,

Tugizimana

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage. Targeted metabolomics was followed to gain insights into metabolome changes characteristic of different developmental stages of sorghum seedlings. Metabolites were extracted from leaves at seven time points post-germination and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis, were applied for data exploration and to reduce data dimensionality as well as for the selection of potential discriminant biomarkers. Changes in metabolome patterns of the seedlings were analyzed in the early, middle, and late stages of growth (7, 14, and 29 days post-germination). The metabolite classes were amino acids, organic acids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, hormones, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, with the latter representing the largest class of metabolites. In general, the metabolite content showed an increase with the progression of the plant growth stages. Most of the differential metabolites were derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine, which contribute to innate immune defenses as well as growth. Quantitative analysis identified a correlation of apigenin flavone derivatives with growth stage. Data-driven investigations of these metabolomes provided new insights into the developmental dynamics that occur in seedlings to limit post-germination mortality.

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Section: Quantitative Determination Of Flavonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings

Dubery,

Nephali,

Tugizimana

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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“…Then, the beakers were placed in a water bath, and the solutions were stirred to perform the extraction. Single factor experiments were conducted to optimize the extraction rate of Cy based on temperature (20,30,40,50, 60, 70℃), time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min), surfactant concentration (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12%), and solid-liquid ratio (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30). After the extraction was complete, the suspensions were cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes.…”

Section: Extraction Of Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring phytochemicals biosynthesized that are produced in the wood, leaves, owers, fruits, seeds, and roots of plants (Deng et al 2023;Lydia Pui Ying et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Cynaroside from Honeysuckle by Nonionic Surfactant-mediated Aqueous Extraction with Cloud Point Enrichment and Purification by Metal Complexation

Zhu,

Zhao,

Tang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Honeysuckle is rich in cynaroside (Cy), but its extraction and purification are difficult due to its poor solubility in water. Therefore, nonionic surfactants were used to extract Cy from honeysuckle plants, enabling the formation of micelles that solubilized Cy in aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, extraction time, surfactant concentration, and the solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of Cy were investigated to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The cloud point effect of the optimal nonionic surfactant was exploited to separate the extracting solution into two distinct phases, which resulted in the concentration of Cy into the up phase. The phase containing the extracted Cy was then purified by metal complexation after phase separation using CaCl2 followed by EDTA, resulting in a purity of Cy of 93.7%. Surfactants have high biological safety, making the extraction process safer and more environmentally friendly. As a result, the process developed in this study enabled the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of Cy from plants, which has potential value in the production of various medicines and health products containing natural botanicals, such as Cy.

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“…Flavonoid profiles in plants are of key importance for plant fitness, but they also have applications to human health, agricultural production, and biomass refining [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Therefore, modifying flavonoid biosynthesis in crop plants offers prospects of greater adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and a benefit to consumers through reported and proposed health benefits [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Interactional Analysis of the Flavonoid Pathway Proteins: Chalcone Synthase, Chalcone Isomerase and Chalcone Isomerase-like Protein

Lewis,

Jacobo,

Palmer

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) catalyze the first two committed steps of the flavonoid pathway that plays a pivotal role in the growth and reproduction of land plants, including UV protection, pigmentation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and pathogen resistance. Based on the obtained X-ray crystal structures of CHS, CHI, and chalcone isomerase-like protein (CHIL) from the same monocotyledon, Panicum virgatum, along with the results of the steady-state kinetics, spectroscopic/thermodynamic analyses, intermolecular interactions, and their effect on each catalytic step are proposed. In addition, PvCHI’s unique activity for both naringenin chalcone and isoliquiritigenin was analyzed, and the observed hierarchical activity for those type-I and -II substrates was explained with the intrinsic characteristics of the enzyme and two substrates. The structure of PvCHS complexed with naringenin supports uncompetitive inhibition. PvCHS displays intrinsic catalytic promiscuity, evident from the formation of p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone (CTAL) in addition to naringenin chalcone. In the presence of PvCHIL, conversion of p-coumaroyl-CoA to naringenin through PvCHS and PvCHI displayed ~400-fold increased Vmax with reduced formation of CTAL by 70%. Supporting this model, molecular docking, ITC (Isothermal Titration Calorimetry), and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) indicated that both PvCHI and PvCHIL interact with PvCHS in a non-competitive manner, indicating the plausible allosteric effect of naringenin on CHS. Significantly, the presence of naringenin increased the affinity between PvCHS and PvCHIL, whereas naringenin chalcone decreased the affinity, indicating a plausible feedback mechanism to minimize spontaneous incorrect stereoisomers. These are the first findings from a three-body system from the same species, indicating the importance of the macromolecular assembly of CHS-CHI-CHIL in determining the amount and type of flavonoids produced in plant cells.

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Flavonoids in major cereal grasses: distribution, functions, biosynthesis, and applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 389 publications

Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings

Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings

Extraction of Cynaroside from Honeysuckle by Nonionic Surfactant-mediated Aqueous Extraction with Cloud Point Enrichment and Purification by Metal Complexation

Structural and Interactional Analysis of the Flavonoid Pathway Proteins: Chalcone Synthase, Chalcone Isomerase and Chalcone Isomerase-like Protein

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