Flavonoids inhibit infectivity of tobacco mosaic virus

French, Christopher J.; Elder, Maureen; Leggett, Frances; Ibrahim, Ragai K.; Towers, G.H.N.

doi:10.1080/07060669109500959

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a natural product flavonoid. Flavonoids have been shown to be effective antivirals against several plant viruses Viability of after second subculture (%) (French et al, 1991;French and Towers, 1992;Malhotra et al, 1996). Flavonoids enhance cAMP levels by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterase (Mucsi and Pragai, 1985) and this may affect virus replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Elimination of PPV from Infected Apricot Shoot Tips via Chemotherapy and Cryotherapy

Şeker¹,

Süzerer²,

Elibüyük³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) is the most serious viral disease of stone fruits of Prunus sp. and elimination of the virus could be achieved by using in vitro-applied techniques. Thus, the potential of usage of thermotherapy, chemotherapy and cryotherapy techniques was assessed by in vitro treatment of infected apricot shoot tips. Survival was declined with prolonged application of thermotherapy whereas promising results were scored after chemotherapy and cryotherapy. The highest survival (100%) of the shoot tips was achieved with quercetin containing medium while relatively lower (80%) survival was scored with ribavirin. In addition, inclusion of the 8-azaguanine had found to be phytotoxic as no survival was achieved after treatment. In the case of cryotherapy, two-step freezing technique was applied and 10% of survival was recorded in cryopreserved apricot shoot tips. RT-PCR analysis showed that PPV was eliminated in the survived ones both after chemotherapy and cryotherapy, which revealed that those techniques could be used for in vitro elimination of PPV from infected apricot as well as other stone fruits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Elimination of PPV from Infected Apricot Shoot Tips via Chemotherapy and Cryotherapy

Şeker¹,

Süzerer²,

Elibüyük³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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“…However, a range of flavonoids inhibit the infectivity of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (French et al, 1991). Up-regulation of the flavonol synthase encoding gene reported here may be involved in such a resistance mechanism in P. trifoliata against CTV.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Phenylpropanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of genes identified from Poncirus trifoliata tissue inoculated with CTV through EST analysis and in silico hybridization

et al. 2007

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Citrus is the most important fruit crop in Brazil and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is considered one of the most important pathogens of citrus. Most citrus species and varieties are susceptible to CTV infection. However, Poncirus trifoliata, a close relative of citrus, is resistant to the virus. In order to better understand the responses of citrus plants to the infection of CTV, we constructed expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries with tissues collected from Poncirus trifoliata plants, inoculated or not with Citrus tristeza virus at 90 days after inoculation, grafted on Rangpur lime rootstocks. We generated 17,867 sequence tags from Poncirus trifoliata inoculated (8,926 reads) and not (8,941 reads) with a severe CTV isolate. A total of 2,782 TCs (Tentative Consensi sequences) were obtained using both cDNA libraries in a single clusterization procedure. By the in silico hybridization approach, 289 TCs were identified as differentially expressed in the two libraries. A total of 121 TCs were found to be overexpressed in plants infected with CTV and were grouped in 12 primary functional categories. The majority of them were associated with metabolism and defense response. Some others were related to lignin, ethylene biosynthesis and PR proteins. In general, the differentially expressed transcripts seem to be somehow involved in secondary plant response to CTV infection.

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“…A few studies have demonstrated the antiviral activity of phenylpropanoids toward plant viruses. However, a range of flavonoids inhibit the infectivity of TMV (French et al, 1991). SA also was shown to interfere with TMV replication in compatible interactions with tobacco (Chivasa et al, 1997) and to inhibit the replication of Alfalfa mosaic virus in cowpea protoplasts (Hooft van Huijsduijnen et al, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of a Pathogen-Responsive Tobacco UDP-Glc:Phenylpropanoid Glucosyltransferase Reduces Scopoletin Glucoside Accumulation, Enhances Oxidative Stress, and Weakens Virus Resistance

et al. 2002

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Plant UDP-Glc:phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of Glc from UDP-Glc to numerous substrates and regulate the activity of compounds that play important roles in plant defense against pathogens. We previously characterized two tobacco salicylic acid-and pathogen-inducible UGTs (TOGTs) that act very efficiently on the hydroxycoumarin scopoletin and on hydroxycinnamic acids. To identify the physiological roles of these UGTs in plant defense, we generated TOGT-depleted tobacco plants by antisense expression. After inoculation with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), TOGT-inhibited plants exhibited a significant decrease in the glucoside form of scopoletin (scopolin) and a decrease in scopoletin UGT activity. Unexpectedly, free scopoletin levels also were reduced in TOGT antisense lines. Scopolin and scopoletin reduction in TOGT-depleted lines resulted in a strong decrease of the blue fluorescence in cells surrounding TMV lesions and was associated with weakened resistance to infection with TMV. Consistent with the proposed role of scopoletin as a reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) scavenger, TMV also triggered a more sustained ROI accumulation in TOGT-downregulated lines. Our results demonstrate the involvement of TOGT in scopoletin glucosylation in planta and provide evidence of the crucial role of a UGT in plant defense responses. We propose that TOGT-mediated glucosylation is required for scopoletin accumulation in cells surrounding TMV lesions, where this compound could both exert a direct antiviral effect and participate in ROI buffering. INTRODUCTIONPlants are characterized by their ability to synthesize numerous different secondary metabolites, among them phenylpropanoids, which are derived from Phe and fulfill a wide range of important biological functions (Dixon and Paiva, 1995). It is well established that phenylpropanoid metabolism is one of the major metabolic pathways stimulated during the hypersensitive response (HR), a very efficient mechanism of induced disease resistance in plants. The HR is characterized by localized cell and tissue death at the site of infection and is associated with the induction of intense metabolic alterations, resulting in confinement of the pathogen (Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996;Fritig et al., 1998). One of the earliest responses underlying HR cell death in plants is the increase in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), giving rise to the so-called oxidative burst (Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996).Among the ROIs, O 2 . Ϫ and H 2 O 2 may be key mediators of cell death characterizing the HR . On the other hand, H 2 O 2 from the oxidative burst also could act as a diffusible signal for the induction of protectant genes in cells adjacent to HR lesions, thereby limiting oxidant-mediated cell death (Lamb and Dixon, 1997). The cells surrounding the HR lesion actually are stimulated strongly without being destined to die, and they produce a large set of defense responses that contribute to the efficient restriction of pathogen spread (Dorey e...

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Flavonoids inhibit infectivity of tobacco mosaic virus

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

In Vitro Elimination of PPV from Infected Apricot Shoot Tips via Chemotherapy and Cryotherapy

In Vitro Elimination of PPV from Infected Apricot Shoot Tips via Chemotherapy and Cryotherapy

Differential expression of genes identified from Poncirus trifoliata tissue inoculated with CTV through EST analysis and in silico hybridization

Downregulation of a Pathogen-Responsive Tobacco UDP-Glc:Phenylpropanoid Glucosyltransferase Reduces Scopoletin Glucoside Accumulation, Enhances Oxidative Stress, and Weakens Virus Resistance

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