Flavor potentiators

Maga, Joseph A.; Yamaguchi, Shizuko

doi:10.1080/10408398309527364

Cited by 146 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 232 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Whether mGluR4 signaling in specific neurons and in taste cells is linked via inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase or via activation of a phosphodiesterase would depend on the presence of appropriate G-proteins and the regulatable enzymes required for these alternative pathways. MSG has been claimed to modulate other basic tastes (SjGstrGm, 1980;Maga, 1983;Pritchard and Norgren, 1991). If mGluR4 is a taste receptor, its activation by dietary glutamate would presumably trigger a second messenger cascade that could regulate the transduction of other taste stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taste of Monosodium Glutamate: Membrane Receptors in Taste Buds

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Receptor proteins for photoreception have been studied for several decades. More recently, putative receptors for olfaction have been isolated and characterized. In contrast, no receptors for taste have been identified yet by molecular cloning. This report describes experiments aimed at identifying a receptor responsible for the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Using reverse transcriptase (IV)-PCR, we found that several ionotropic glutamate receptors are present in rat lingual tissues. However, these receptors also could be detected in lingual tissue devoid of taste buds. On the other hand, RT-PCR and RNase protection assays indicated that a G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4, also is expressed in lingual tissues and is limited only to taste buds. In situ hybridization demonstrated that mGluR4 is detectable in 40-70% of vallate and foliate taste buds but not in surrounding nonsensory epithelium, confirming the localization of this metabotropic receptor to gustatory cells. Expression of mGluR4 in taste buds is higher in preweaning rats compared with adult rats. This may correspond to the known higher sensitivity to the taste of MSG in juvenile rodents. Finally, behavioral studies have indicated that MSG and L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4), a ligand for mGluR4, elicit similar tastes in rats. We conclude that mGluR4 may be a chemosensory receptor responsible, in part, for the taste of MSG.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taste of Monosodium Glutamate: Membrane Receptors in Taste Buds

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Umami (a Japanese word meaning delicious) taste is elicited by glutamate, aspartate, some peptides, derivatives of ribonucleotides such as inosine monophosphate (IMP) and GMP, and the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist L-AP-4 (Sato et al, 1970;Maga, 1983;Monastyrskaia et al, 1999;Stapleton et al, 1999). Many investigators consider umami as a unique fifth taste quality, based on psychophysical experiments in humans, conditioned taste aversion tests, and genetic studies in mice, which indicate that umami is distinct from sweet, salty, or other taste qualities (Yoshida and Saito, 1969;Ohara et al, 1979;Ninomiya and Funakoshi, 1989a;Bachmanov et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UmamiTaste Responses Are Mediated by α-Transducin and α-Gustducin

He¹,

Yasumatsu²,

Varadarajan³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

138

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sense of taste comprises at least five distinct qualities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami, the taste of glutamate. For bitter, sweet, and umami compounds, taste signaling is initiated by binding of tastants to G-protein-coupled receptors in specialized epithelial cells located in the taste buds, leading to the activation of signal transduction cascades. ␣-Gustducin, a taste cell-expressed G-protein ␣ subunit closely related to the ␣-transducins, is a key mediator of sweet and bitter tastes. ␣-Gustducin knock-out (KO) mice have greatly diminished, but not entirely abolished, responses to many bitter and sweet compounds. We set out to determine whether ␣-gustducin also mediates umami taste and whether rod ␣-transducin (␣ t-rod ), which is also expressed in taste receptor cells, plays a role in any of the taste responses that remain in ␣-gustducin KO mice. Behavioral tests and taste nerve recordings of single and double KO mice lacking ␣-gustducin and/or ␣ t-rod confirmed the involvement of ␣-gustducin in bitter (quinine and denatonium) and sweet (sucrose and SC45647) taste and demonstrated the involvement of ␣-gustducin in umami [monosodium glutamate (MSG), monopotassium glutamate (MPG), and inosine monophosphate (IMP)] taste as well. We found that ␣ t-rod played no role in taste responses to the salty, bitter, and sweet compounds tested or to IMP but was involved in the umami taste of MSG and MPG. Umami detection involving ␣-gustducin and ␣ t-rod occurs in anteriorly placed taste buds, however taste cells at the back of the tongue respond to umami compounds independently of these two G-protein subunits.

show abstract

“…While murines can transmit the "umami" of almost all amino acids, humans can only transmit the nerve signals of the "umami" of glutamic acid and l-aspartic acid sodium salt (Ajinomoto). (79) In addition, Nelson et al (76) proved that after the gene of murines is replaced by the human gene for T1R1+3, murines exhibit the same "umami" transmission spectrum as humans. By expressing the κ-opioid receptor in the taste bud cells of "umami", Zhao et al (77) further proved that this cell obtained the cell signal ability to transmit opioid substances.…”

Section: G Protein Signaling Cascade Amplification Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Olfactory Receptor (OR) Biosensors and Cell Signaling Cascade Amplification Systems

2018

Sensors and Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are a variety of methods to detect odorant molecules, including gas chromatography (GC) and its related coupled techniques, electronic noses, and olfactory receptor (OR)-based biosensors. Nevertheless, studies in which cell and cell signaling amplifier systems were directly utilizied to detect odors are very few. In this review, we aim to provide some references and suggestions for researchers in related fields by summarizing OR sensors and olfactory cell signaling cascade amplifier systems. In this paper, we summarize the detection methods for odorants, introduce the research and progress on OR sensors, and present a proposal of utilizing cell or tissue signaling cascade amplifier systems to amplify electrochemical signals and the use of the G protein signaling cascade amplifier system to prepare electrochemical biosensors. In recent years, the detection technology of electrochemical sensors has matured. Meanwhile, olfactory sensation within organisms basically transfer nerve signals or metabolic endocrine signals in the form of electrochemical signals. Therefore, ORs combined with cell signaling cascade amplifier systems, as well as electrochemical sensors of signal cascade amplifier systems, have incredible prospects for development and application. The proposal of OR electrochemical biosensors and their cell signaling cascade amplifier systems, provides a new idea and a quantitative method for the detection and assessment of odorants and their physiologic processes in the nervous system.

show abstract

Flavor potentiators

Cited by 146 publications

References 232 publications

The Taste of Monosodium Glutamate: Membrane Receptors in Taste Buds

The Taste of Monosodium Glutamate: Membrane Receptors in Taste Buds

UmamiTaste Responses Are Mediated by α-Transducin and α-Gustducin

Recent Advances in Olfactory Receptor (OR) Biosensors and Cell Signaling Cascade Amplification Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About