Flavored Anesthetic Masks for Inhalational Induction in Children

Gupta, Amrita; Mathew, Preethy J; Bhardwaj, Neerja

doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2368-3

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Gupta et al (23) describe their intervention of using a flavored anesthetic mask as a placebo intervention by themselves and compared it with a non-flavored mask for children who undergo surgery. They report higher total costs for flavored compared with non-flavored masks (56.45 Indian rupee versus 54 Indian rupee) but did not relate it to effects of the masks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both studies (23, 24) report randomization of patients, but it is unclear if a selection and other biases could have occurred due to insufficient description. Gupta et al (23) report that patients were blinded to the condition, but it must be assumed that they realized their group assignment when they smelled the flavor of the mask. In the study by Pattamatta et al (24), patients were not blinded to the condition as they differed in their form of application (chewing gum versus dermal patch) ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they found that gum chewing was more effective than placebo dermal patch to reduce postoperative complications, and gum chewing had a better cost–benefit balance calculated as ICER. The other study (23) reported higher total costs for the placebo intervention compared with the control group, due to the fact that the control group was treatment as usual (unflavored anesthetic mask) compared with an intervention with additional preparations. Therefore, they chose a cost–cost analysis, calculating and comparing the costs of both alternatives only, but did not relate costs to effectiveness of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Placebo Economics: A Systematic Review About the Economic Potential of Utilizing the Placebo Effect

et al. 2019

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Background: Recent research shows that placebo mechanisms can be utilized in ethical and legal ways such as in open-label conditions, when patients know that they receive placebos, and through psychological interventions aiming to optimize patients’ expectations. Showing that placebo interventions are also cost-efficient could improve their acceptability. Objective: To review studies that performed health economic evaluations (HEEs) of intentional placebo interventions and to review studies that intentionally applied placebo interventions and reported outcomes eligible for HEEs. Methods: Two systematic reviews of the literature were performed. For the first review, we searched MEDLINE using “placebo” and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms associated with HEEs such as “costs,” “cost–benefit analyses,” and “economics.” Studies were eligible if they employed patients, applied placebo interventions, included an appropriate control group, and reported results of cost analyses. For the second review, we searched the Journal of Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies (JIPS) database and MEDLINE using search terms for outcomes eligible for cost–utility analyses, such as “quality of life” or “quality-adjusted life years” (“QALYs”). Risk of bias of all studies found was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook, and a narrative synthesis of the results is provided. Results: The first search resulted in 1,853 articles, which were screened for eligibility. Two studies were found only in which costs or cost-effectiveness analysis were reported, but with medium to high risks of biases. The second search yielded 164 articles particularly from the JIPS database of which 11 studies met our search criteria: in six studies, patients received placebo pills in open-label conditions; three studies investigated effects of patient–physician relationships; and two studies used psychological interventions to optimize treatment expectations, in patients with various diseases and disorders. These studies report outcomes potentially eligible for HEEs when costs of interventions were known. Risks of biases were low to medium, but patients were not blinded to the conditions in most studies. Conclusions: The state of knowledge about HEEs of placebo interventions is scarce. To gain more visibility and acceptability for placebo interventions, future studies should measure outcomes usable for HEEs and costs of interventions, and HEEs should be performed for existing studies if data are available.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Placebo Economics: A Systematic Review About the Economic Potential of Utilizing the Placebo Effect

et al. 2019

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“…Selain itu, bau gas anestesi menyebabkan anak menjadi tidak kooperatif dan mask phobia. [4][5][6] Berbagai intervensi dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi kecemasan preoperatif pada anak baik secara farmakologis dan nonfarmakologis. Pendekatan farmakologis memang terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi kecemasan pada anak, namun pendekatan farmakologis dapat menimbulkan beberapa efek samping seperti depresi sistem pernapasan, gelisah, agitasi, iritasi pada tempat pemberian (intranasal) dan memicu alergi yang tidak diketahui sebelumnya.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Saat berada di ruang persiapan, tingkat kecemasan anak cenderung lebih rendah karena tidak terdapat alat-alat medis pada jangkauan penglihatan anak, tidak ada suara mesin monitoring, dan tidak ada tenaga medis dengan baju operasi yang asing seperti di ruang operasi. 5 Tingkat kecemasan saat induksi inhalasi cenderung meningkat dibanding dengan saat di ruang persiapan operasi. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa induksi inhalasi menyebabkan peningkatan kecemasan pada anak yang secara bertahap semakin meningkat pada saat anak berpisah dengan orangtuanya dan mencapai puncaknya saat pemakaian masker anestesi di wajah anak.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Perbandingan Penggunaan Masker Anestesi Berpewangi dengan Masker Anestesi Tidak Berpewangi terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak pada Induksi Inhalasi

Nugraha¹,

Bisri²,

Halimi³

2021

jap

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Induksi inhalasi dapat memberikan pengalaman emosi yang traumatis terhadap anak seperti perasaan terkekang atau tercekik selama bernapas melalui masker dan bau yang tajam dari gas anestesi. Salah satu pendekatan nonfarmakologis yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan masker beraroma buah-buahan sebelum induksi. Modifikasi sederhana dengan mengoleskan lip balm dengan wangi buah pada permukaan dalam masker anestesi merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang efektif dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan pengaruh penggunaan masker anestesi berpewangi dibanding dengan masker anestesi tidak berpewangi terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak pada induksi inhalasi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode uji klinis acak terkontrol buta tunggal secara prospektif terhadap 38 anak berusia 4–12 tahun yang menjalani anestesi umum dengan status fisik american society of anesthesiologist (ASA) I–II di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapat masker berpewangi dan kelompok yang mendapat masker tidak berpewangi. Tingkat kecemasan anak di ruang persiapan dan kamar operasi dinilai menggunakan skala modified yale preoperative anxiety scale (MYPAS). Skala MYPAS adalah baku emas untuk evaluasi kecemasan anak yang terdiri atas 22 penilaian dalam 5 kategori dengan realibilitas dan validitas tinggi. Analisis statistik dengan Uji Mann-Whitney. Tingkat kecemasan anak pada kelompok masker berpewangi secara bermakna lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok masker tidak berpewangi (p=0,000), namun penilaian di ruang persiapan tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna (p=0,07). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penggunaan masker anestesi berpewangi pada induksi inhalasi menghasilkan tingkat kecemasan anak yang lebih rendah dibanding dengan penggunaan masker anestesi tidak berpewangi.

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The use of a scented face mask may facilitate the induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial

Abukawa

Takano

Hobo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Scented face masks are commonly used during the induction phase of anesthesia. The present study investigated whether the use of a scented mask improved mask acceptance before slow induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled patients aged 2–10 years who were scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo masking with a scented (experimental group) or unscented (control group) face mask before anesthesia inductionin the presence of a parent. The primary outcome was the mask acceptance score, rated on a validated 4-point from 1 point (not afraid; easily accepts the mask) to 4 points (afraid of a mask; crying or struggling). The secondary outcome was heart rate assessed by pulse oximetry in the pediatric ward before transfer to the operating room (OR), at the entrance to the OR, at the patient notification of mask fitting by the anesthesiologist, and after mask fitting. Results: Seventy-seven patients were accessed for eligibility, with 67 enrolled in the study: 33 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Mask acceptance was significantly greater among patients aged 2–3 years in the experimental than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Use of scented masks can improve mask acceptance before anesthesia induction with a parental presence in pediatric patients aged 2–3 years.

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Flavored Anesthetic Masks for Inhalational Induction in Children

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Placebo Economics: A Systematic Review About the Economic Potential of Utilizing the Placebo Effect

Placebo Economics: A Systematic Review About the Economic Potential of Utilizing the Placebo Effect

Perbandingan Penggunaan Masker Anestesi Berpewangi dengan Masker Anestesi Tidak Berpewangi terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Anak pada Induksi Inhalasi

The use of a scented face mask may facilitate the induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial

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