Flavored cigar availability in Oakland after a partial ban

Schroth, Kevin R. J.; Kurti, Marin; Delnevo, Cristine D.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107150

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Following ordinance implementation, we observed significantly greater decreases in the availability of any FTPs, menthol cigarettes, and flavored cigarillos/little cigars among retailers located in areas that subjected them to the policy, as compared with retailers located in areas not subject to the policy; nevertheless, following ordinance implementation, availability of these products remained relatively high among policy-area retailers. Consistent with other findings reporting on the limited impact of policies with exemptions or exclusions (Schroth et al, 2022), this study suggests that reductions in retail availability of FTPs might be optimized through the enactment of sales restrictions that exclude exemptions for geographic location, store type, or product characteristics, and are implemented with tailored, long-term retailer education, and rigorous, targeted enforcement (Peck et al, 2020;Rogers et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The menthol cigarette availability rate of 38% among policy-area retailers (located near primary and secondary schools) at Wave 2 in our study ( 2016) is lower than the 43% availability rate of these products observed about 6 months later (June 2017) among a sample of retailers located near Chicago high schools, who by then were the only stores subject to the sales restriction (Czaplicki et al, 2019). Moreover, it appears that the Chicago policy had limited impact on availability of flavored cigarillos/little cigars, a finding also seen in other studies reporting continued availability of flavored cigarillos after implementation of local FTP sales restrictions (Farley et al, 2020;Rogers et al, 2021;Schroth et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Changes in Retail Tobacco Product Availability Following a Chicago City Ordinance Restricting Sales of Menthol and Other Flavored Tobacco Products Near Schools

Slater,

Pugach,

Rogers

et al. 2023

Health Educ Behav

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Background In April 2016, the City of Chicago implemented an ordinance restricting the sale of all flavored (including menthol) tobacco products (FTPs), including electronic cigarettes, at retailers located within 500 feet of any public, private, or alternative elementary, middle (“primary”), or high (“secondary”) school. We examined changes in retail availability of FTPs from before to after policy implementation among policy-affected retailers compared with retailers not subject to the policy. Method Observational data were collected in June to September 2015 (Wave 1; pre-policy) and November to December 2016 (Wave 2; post-policy) from a panel of 194 randomly selected policy-area stores (located within 500 feet of a school), and a panel of 199 randomly selected comparison-area stores (located more than 500 feet from a school). Using generalized estimation equation regression, we assessed differences in FTP availability changes across study areas. Results We observed a statistically significant policy effect on FTP availability (Area × Wave interaction, p < .05); however, more than half of policy-area retailers continued to display at least one FTP after policy implementation (87.11% at Wave 1, 57.73% at Wave 2, p < .05). Similar reductions were seen for the availability of flavored cigarillos/little cigars and menthol cigarettes, while policy effects varied across store types. Discussion FTP availability reductions appear to be associated with policy implementation, but FTPs remained readily available at retailers subject to the policy. This study contributes to the evidence base indicating that policies with exclusions or exemptions for certain flavors, products, store types, or retailer locations have a limited effect on retail availability of FTPs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Changes in Retail Tobacco Product Availability Following a Chicago City Ordinance Restricting Sales of Menthol and Other Flavored Tobacco Products Near Schools

Slater,

Pugach,

Rogers

et al. 2023

Health Educ Behav

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show abstract

“…[13][14][15] In several jurisdictions, retailer exemptions such as those for adult-only and tobacco-only retailers have led to increased tobacco retailer density, increased disparities in flavored tobacco access, policy enforcement challenges, and continued flavored tobacco advertisement exposure in convenience stores. 17,20,21 Taken together, these studies highlight the advantages of enacting FTP sales restrictions and amendments that avoid major exemptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…At the state and local levels, studies evaluating the impact of FTP sales restrictions have found that more comprehensive policies reduced flavored tobacco availability, advertising, and sales to a greater extent than less comprehensive policies 13–15. In several jurisdictions, retailer exemptions such as those for adult-only and tobacco-only retailers have led to increased tobacco retailer density, increased disparities in flavored tobacco access, policy enforcement challenges, and continued flavored tobacco advertisement exposure in convenience stores 17,20,21. Taken together, these studies highlight the advantages of enacting FTP sales restrictions and amendments that avoid major exemptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Comprehensiveness of Amended Flavored Tobacco Product Sales Restrictions

Donovan

Azadi

Akbar

et al. 2023

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Context: Flavored tobacco products contribute significantly to youth tobacco initiation and tobacco use disparities. In the last decade, 362 jurisdictions have enacted policies restricting the sale of flavored tobacco products; however, many policies are not fully comprehensive due to menthol and adult-only retailer exemptions. Although several of these restrictions have been amended since their original passage, to date, little is known about how amendments have affected policy comprehensiveness. Objective: To describe how amendments to flavored tobacco product sales restrictions affect policy comprehensiveness. Design: We identified flavored tobacco product sales restrictions that had been amended at least once using an internal database of US state and local flavored tobacco product sales restrictions. To characterize policy comprehensiveness, we applied a 6-level flavored tobacco policy classification scheme—level 6 being most comprehensive—to amended restrictions. We conducted a descriptive analysis of each initial policy and its most recent amendment to identify changes in retailer, product, and flavor inclusions, as well as overall comprehensiveness. Main Outcome Measure(s): Comprehensiveness of amended flavored tobacco product sales restrictions. Results: As of March 31, 2022, no states and 50 localities had amended their flavored tobacco product sales restriction. Amendments largely increased policy comprehensiveness; most laws prior to amendment were categorized as level 1 (n = 28, 56.0%), while after amendment, the plurality were categorized as level 6 (n = 25, 50.0%). Most commonly, amendments removed menthol exemptions (n ≥ 30, 60.0%) and adult-only retailer exemptions (n = 12, 24.0%). Conclusions: Several local flavored tobacco product sales restrictions have been amended. Nearly all amendments increased policy comprehensiveness, primarily by removing exemptions for menthol products and exemptions for adult-only retailers. While policy advocates remain focused on passing comprehensive policies at initial passage, amendments have served as a tool to strengthen existing sales restrictions. This study along with ongoing flavored tobacco product sales restriction surveillance can inform policy advocacy and evaluation efforts.

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“…When we terminated the data collection, only Alameda, Albany, Fremont, and Livermore had enacted comprehensive flavor policies; Berkeley, Hayward, Oakland, and San Leandro implemented partial flavor policies (i.e., exceptions for tobacco stores, buffer zones, or menthol flavor); other cities did not restrict sales of flavored tobacco. In addition to potential impact on tobacco pricing, equitable implementation of comprehensive policies to restrict sales of flavored tobacco in all nearby lower-price localities (Kurti et al, 2020; Schroth, Kurti, and Delnevo 2022) of the SF Bay area is an important step for addressing tobacco disparities among racial-ethnic groups. Latino and non-Hispanic Black young adults in SF Bay area are more likely to report menthol use compared to non-Hispanic Whites (Holmes et al, 2019), and in Alameda County stores menthol products increased in price, but remained available, compared to San Francisco where there was a comprehensive policy, and we found no menthol cigarette and e-cigarette product availability in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices

et al. 2023

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Background: California Proposition 56 increased the state tobacco tax by $2 per cigarette pack effective April 1, 2017. Between 2015-2020 San Francisco (SF) and some cities in Alameda County enacted local flavored tobacco sales restrictions. SF also increased its Cigarette Litter Abatement Fee, from $0.20/pack in 2015 to $1.00 in 2020. Objectives: Compare the change in tobacco prices before (2015) and after (2019/20) the implementation of a $2 increase in tobacco excise tax and local flavored tobacco policies in SF and Alameda Counties. Research Design: Descriptive study of the pre-to-post policy analysis design. We drew a proportional random sample of retailers (N=463) in SF and Alameda Counties, by city. Using multivariable, single- and multiple-level linear regressions, we compared inflation-adjusted average tobacco prices in 2015 vs. 2019/20 by county and by flavor policy, accounting for socio-demographics. Measures: Change in inflation-adjusted average tobacco prices in 2015 vs. 2019/20 by county and flavor policy, accounting for socio-demographics. Results: Between 2015-2019/20, the increase in cigarette prices was higher than the $2 tax increase, and higher in SF than Alameda County (+$4.6 vs +$2.5). SF retailers stopped selling Newport menthol cigarettes and Blu brand menthol e-cigarettes in 2019/20. Adjusted average cigarette prices increased significantly more in SF and Alameda County cities with comprehensive or partial flavor policies versus cities without flavor policies (by $3.23 and $2.11). Conclusions: Local flavor policies affected menthol product availability and may have had positive spillover effects and indirectly increased pack prices.

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Flavored cigar availability in Oakland after a partial ban

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Changes in Retail Tobacco Product Availability Following a Chicago City Ordinance Restricting Sales of Menthol and Other Flavored Tobacco Products Near Schools

Changes in Retail Tobacco Product Availability Following a Chicago City Ordinance Restricting Sales of Menthol and Other Flavored Tobacco Products Near Schools

Examining the Comprehensiveness of Amended Flavored Tobacco Product Sales Restrictions

Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices

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