Flax Engineering for Biomedical Application

Screening of Five and Six-Membered Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as New Effective Stimulants of Linum Usitatissimum L. Organogenesis in Vitro

“…Linum usitatissimum L. (flax or linseed) is one of the oldest economically important crops that are widely used in biotechnology [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Linum usitatissimum L. belongs to Linaceae family which consists of more than 300 species mainly known as ornamental plants, but only one species Linum usitatissimum L. has a practical importance [55].…”

“…Flax fiber and seed have industrial significance as a source of cellulosic fiber for textile and paper industry and seed oil for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry [56,57]. Flax seed contains various bioactive compounds, the major components include: 41% fat, 20-31% protein, 28% total dietary fiber, 7.7% moisture, and 3.4% ash, the minor components include: cyanogenic glycosides, phytic acid, phenolics, trypsin inhibitor, linatine, lignans (phytoestrogens), minerals, vitamins, cadmium, selenium and cyclolinopeptides (CLs) [57,58]. The essential amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid are the major protein components of the flax seed [57,58].…”

“…Flax seed contains various bioactive compounds, the major components include: 41% fat, 20-31% protein, 28% total dietary fiber, 7.7% moisture, and 3.4% ash, the minor components include: cyanogenic glycosides, phytic acid, phenolics, trypsin inhibitor, linatine, lignans (phytoestrogens), minerals, vitamins, cadmium, selenium and cyclolinopeptides (CLs) [57,58]. The essential amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid are the major protein components of the flax seed [57,58]. The flax seed oil is an important source of omega-3 fatty acid -alinolenic acid (ALA) which accounts for more than 50% of fatty acid content of oil [56][57][58][59].…”

“…The essential amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid are the major protein components of the flax seed [57,58]. The flax seed oil is an important source of omega-3 fatty acid -alinolenic acid (ALA) which accounts for more than 50% of fatty acid content of oil [56][57][58][59]. The major components of flax seed oil are triacylglycerides which include a mixture of the fatty acids: linolenic (52%), linoleic (17%), oleic (20%), palmitic (6%), and stearic (4%) acids, the minor lipids and lipid soluble compounds include: monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, tocopherols, sterols sterol-esters, phospholipids, waxes, CLs, free fatty acids (FFAs), carotenoids, chlorophyll, and other compounds [57].…”

“…The major components of flax seed oil are triacylglycerides which include a mixture of the fatty acids: linolenic (52%), linoleic (17%), oleic (20%), palmitic (6%), and stearic (4%) acids, the minor lipids and lipid soluble compounds include: monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, tocopherols, sterols sterol-esters, phospholipids, waxes, CLs, free fatty acids (FFAs), carotenoids, chlorophyll, and other compounds [57]. Today linseed oil is commonly used in clinical practice for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease because it has antioxidant effect and decreases blood total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol without a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol [56][57][58]. Moreover, another beneficial effect of flax seed oil is due to the presence ALA component which takes part in the biosynthesis of hormone-like eicosanoids that regulate inflammation and immune function in higher animals [57].…”