Flax fiber grafted with Cd(II)-imprinted 2-pyridylthiourea for selective ion removal

Insights into the Applications of Natural Fibers to Metal Separation from Aqueous Solutions

“…From a different perspective, Table 4 clearly shows that the modified or functionalized forms of natural plant fibers prepared by a variety of surface chemical modification methods are more relevant than the raw fibers. A large proportion of the papers reported improved biosorption of hazardous metal ions from mono-element solutions by using superior biosorbents based on lignocellulosic fibers such as flax fibers [118], jute fibers [147,156,157], ramie fibers [158], cotton fibers [159], nonwoven cotton fabric [160][161][162], loofah fiber [163], Luffa cylindrica fibers [164], okra fibers [165,166], or oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber [167,168] modified by graft copolymerization. The application of some suitable reaction strategies has allowed the development of modified natural plant fiber biosorbents with a dual function, which are of great interest for the sequential remediation of organic pollutants and heavy metal ions, as well as waste management.…”

“…The dominance of ion exchange was highlighted for the mechanism of biosorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) on flax fibers [142], retention of Ni(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) on modified coir fibers [152], and the attachment of Cu(II) to palm kernel fibers [170]. The biosorption of Cd(II) on flax fibers grafted with Cd(II)-imprinted 2-pyridylthiourea [118] and coconut fibers functionalized with thiophosphoryl groups [171] was mainly explained on the basis of a chelation mechanism. The involvement of electrostatic attraction and ion exchange in the binding of Pb(II) to the untreated and chemically modified flax fibers [172] and polyaniline-kapok fiber biocomposite [173] was suggested.…”

“…The most addressed issues relate to the influence of the type, number, and initial concentration of the foreign ions on competitive biosorption. In this context, the studies published so far have mainly investigated the effects of bivalent heavy metal ions [48,55,118,[187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199], light metal ions [48,181,190,195,[198][199][200], and anions [195,201] on the individual or simultaneous removal of toxic metals from polycontaminated synthetic aqueous solutions under different batch experimental conditions. Some relevant results from these works are given below.…”

Construction, molecular docking simulation and evaluation of electrochemical properties of polymeric nanospheres comprising novel synthesized monomer via green microemulsion polymerization

“…These novel polymeric nanospheres were investigated through TEM, FT-IR, 1 HNMR and TGA; in addition, the electrochemical properties were studied. Then the viscometry molecular weight were determined by substituting in Equation (2).…”

“…Recent advances in nanoparticle technology have substantially increased the effectiveness of polymers. Polymeric nanoparticle systems have unique properties physio‐chemically and technologically, which make them an excellent choice for smart applications 1–6 such as preserving archeological artifacts, 7 creating bioactive materials, 8–12 packaging food, 13 treating water, 14 creating biosensors, 15 manufacturing electronics, 16 and storing energy 17 . These polymeric nanoparticles are nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, have an expansive surface area, thermodynamic stability and free movement 17,18 .…”