Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude of effect depend on food type

Kristensen, Mette; Jensen, Morten Georg; Aarestrup, Julie; Petersen, Kristina E.N.; Søndergaard, Lise; Mikkelsen, Mette Skau; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-8

Cited by 151 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…There are a variety of mechanisms that dietary fibre could influence; for example, bile acid micelle formulation, fat excretion, intestinal motility, SCFA production and absorption of macronutrients (95)(96)(97) . Interestingly, diet may not only impact cholesterol metabolism directly, and may also interact with the gut microbiome (98) .…”

Section: Dietary Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

et al. 2016

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CVD accounted for 27 % of all deaths in the UK in 2014, and was responsible for 1·7 million hospital admissions in 2013/2014. This condition becomes increasingly prevalent with age, affecting 34·1 and 29·8 % of males and females over 75 years of age respectively in 2011. The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism with age, often observed as a rise in LDL-cholesterol, has been associated with the pathogenesis of CVD. To compound this problem, it is estimated by 2050, 22 % of the world's population will be over 60 years of age, in culmination with a growing resistance and intolerance to pre-existing cholesterol regulating drugs such as statins. Therefore, it is apparent research into additional therapies for hypercholesterolaemia and CVD prevention is a growing necessity. However, it is also imperative to recognise this complex biological system cannot be studied using a reductionist approach; rather its biological uniqueness necessitates a more integrated methodology, such as that offered by systems biology. In this review, we firstly discuss cholesterol metabolism and how it is affected by diet and the ageing process. Next, we describe therapeutic strategies for hypercholesterolaemia, and finally how the systems biology paradigm can be utilised to investigate how ageing interacts with complex systems such as cholesterol metabolism. We conclude by emphasising the need for nutritionists to work in parallel with the systems biology community, to develop novel approaches to studying cholesterol metabolism and its interaction with ageing.

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Section: Dietary Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

et al. 2016

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“…Cholesterol is manufactured by the liver and is present in the body regardless of dietary intake [30]. Diets which are low in fiber have been associated with higher levels of cholesterol in the blood [31]. Fibers trap bile acids and eliminate them from the body (new 31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Metabolic Risk Factors among Jamaican Adolescents

Barrett¹,

Huffman²

2014

J Nutr Food Sci

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The study examined relationships between physical activity (PA) and Metabolic Syndrome (METS) in Jamaican adolescents. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey examined 276 students from 10 Jamaican high schools. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria determined the metabolic risks. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children measured PA levels.Mean age was 15.6 (± 1.2). Percentage of subjects classified with METS varied by criterion used; IDF (6.9%) and NCEP (12.4%). While 56% of the subjects classified with METS were physically inactive, logistic regression showed no relationships between PA and individual METS risk factors overall (p>0.05). Females were 15 times less physically active and had significantly (p<0.05) higher waist circumference (WC) than males, whereas, males had significantly (p<0.05) higher fasting blood glucose levels. Although urban adolescents had higher PA than rural adolescents, they had significantly (p<0.05) higher WC; one of the determinants of METS by IDF's standard. Similarly, under the IDF's classification, Blacks had significantly higher numbers of METS risk factors (p<0.05) compared to non-Blacks.Jamaican adolescents are at risk for METS irrespective of levels of PA. Living in urban areas, being female, and being Black increased the risk for METS. NCEP guidelines classified more subjects with METS compared with IDF's. Intervention measures are needed to reduce METS risk factors among this population.

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“…They are rich in fat, high-quality protein and dietary fibre, a large proportion of the latter being water-soluble viscous fibers (Kristensen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaxseeds: Nutritional Potential and Bioactive Compounds

Panaite¹,

Ropotă²,

Turcu³

et al. 2017

BUASVMCN-FST

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The objective of this work was to study the nutritional and bioactive composition of commercially available flaxseeds with the aim to develop new alternatives for their use as functional and nutraceutical food ingredient. The samples of flaxseed contained 20.86% protein, 31.16% fat, 29.07% crude fiber and 3.75% ash. Essential amino acids represented 34% of total protein. The amino acids profile showed that glutamic acid was the most abundant (3.87 g 100 g -1 ), followed by arginine (1.93 g 100 g -1 ) and aspartic acid (1.52 g 100 g -1 ). Fatty acids analysis indicated that alpha-linolenic acid represents the major fatty acid (54.51% of the total fatty acids). The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was 8.67 while the n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio was 3.2. Total phenolics showed average contents of 295.92 mg GAE 100 g -1 , of which flavonoids accounted for 25.85 mg QE 100 g -1 . The results confirmed that, in addition to being one of the richest sources of alpha-linolenic acid, flaxseed is an essential source of high quality protein, soluble fiber and potent natural antioxidants.

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Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude of effect depend on food type

Cited by 151 publications

References 28 publications

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

Physical Activity and Metabolic Risk Factors among Jamaican Adolescents

Flaxseeds: Nutritional Potential and Bioactive Compounds

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