Flaxseed oil as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid source modulates cortisol concentrations and social dominance in male and female guinea pigs

Nemeth, Matthias; Eisenschenk, Isabelle; Engelmann, Anna; Esser, Fey Maria; Kokodynska, Michelle; Szewczak, Veronika Francesca; Barnreiter, Elisabeth; Wallner, Bernard; Millesi, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105025

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…2,31 Existence of sex-based locomotor differences for open-field outcomes in guinea pigs varies in the published literature, with one study showing females to be more active and another finding males to have increased ambulatory parameters, which may be due to sexual-social behaviors or differences in compound interaction. 32,33 Age is an important consideration when designing studies involving OFT in the guinea pig, as the Dunkin Hartley is a well-characterized model of spontaneous osteoarthritis, with roughly 50% of animals demonstrating early changes of osteoarthritis at 3 months and severe degenerative changes by 18-24 months. 34 It has been theorized that behavior in the open field represents attempts to re-establish social contact while avoiding predation and, as such, younger animals may demonstrate higher levels of anxiety and increased mobility outcomes for these reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of overhead enclosure monitoring in juvenile male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

et al. 2023

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Overhead enclosure monitoring provides objective quantitative mobility measurements for animals undergoing open-field testing. Notably, protocols for testing optimization have been minimally established for the guinea pig. It is unknown whether (a) repeated exposure, (b) time-of-day, or (c) length of testing duration influence outcome parameters. We hypothesized that guinea pigs would display decreased activity following repeated exposure to the open field; heightened activity during the earliest testing period; and that 10 min would be adequate for data collection. The study was conducted in two separate phases to distinguish between enclosure habituation and time-of-day effects, respectively. Two cohorts of male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were allowed voluntary movement in an open-field enclosure for 14 min to quantify mobility outcomes, including total distance traveled, total time mobile, average speed while mobile, and total time spent in the shelter. For both phases, testing occurred at four different times of day, and overhead monitoring software was programmed to divide the total testing duration into 2-min bins. Habituation phase results showed time mobile and distance traveled were influenced significantly by repeat exposure, as animals were most active during the first testing event. Time-of-day phase animals spent significantly more time mobile during the earliest testing period. Interestingly, significant differences were observed across 2-min bins for the time-of-day phase but not during the habituation phase. Specifically, progressively decreased ambulatory activity was observed as testing duration increased. Thus, habituation and time-of-day should be accounted for when possible. Finally, a trial period greater than 10 min may not yield additional data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of overhead enclosure monitoring in juvenile male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

et al. 2023

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“…Early studies on the source of ⊍-linolenic acid mainly focus on flaxseed oil or deep-sea fish oil which are expensive for the past decades, 14,15 thus it is necessary to find convenient and cheap alternatives. In recent years, insect-derived lipids have aroused more interest 16 and previous studies have revealed insects contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid synthases and desaturases are essential for the biosynthesis of α‐linolenic acid and metamorphosis in a major mulberry pest, Glyphodes pyloalis walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Wang

Song

Hwarari

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: ⊍-linolenic acid is an essential unsaturated fatty acid in organisms. However, there is a large gap between ⊍-linolenic acid accumulation and its synthesis mechanism in insects. Fatty acid synthases (FASs) and desaturases (Desats) are vital enzymes required for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.RESULTS: The pupae of Glyphodes pyloalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which is a destructive pest of mulberry trees, contain the highest level of ⊍-linolenic acid compared to other life-history stages. To further explore the synthesis mechanism of ⊍-linolenic acid in G. pyloalis pupae, we constructed a pupal transcriptome dataset and identified 106 genes related to fatty acid metabolism from it. Among these, two fatty acid synthases (GpylFAS) and five desaturases (GpylDesat) were identified. A qRT-PCR validation revealed that GpylFAS1 and GpylDesat1, 2, 3, 5 were expressed highest at pupal stages. Furthermore, the content of ⊍-linolenic acid decreased significantly after silencing GpylFAS1 and GpylDesat5, respectively. Besides, knocking down Gpyl-FAS1 or GpylDesat5 resulted in more malformed pupae and adults, as well as lower emergence rates. Meanwhile, silencing Gpyl-FAS1 or GpylDesat5 affected the expressions of the other GpylFASs and GpylDesats.CONCLUSION: The present results illustrate the pivotal function of FASs and Desats in ⊍-linolenic acid biosynthesis and metamorphosis in insects. Our research also broadens the sources of unsaturated fatty acids, especially for ⊍-linolenic acid from insects, and provides novel insights for the management of mulberry insect pests from the perspective of utilization rather than control.

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“…Nowadays, flax is planted in Russia, Canada, United States, and other places. The ancient cultivation of flax was mainly intended for obtaining fiber, but later the main use was extended to the consumption of flaxseed oil ( Nemeth et al, 2021 ). Flaxseed oil is favored by consumers because of its rich α -linolenic acid, which can reduce low-density lipoprotein in the body ( Bekhit et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of key precursor peptides and flavor components of flaxseed derived Maillard reaction products based on iBAQ mass spectrometry and molecular sensory science

Wei

Zheng

et al. 2022

Food Chemistry: X

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Flaxseed oil as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid source modulates cortisol concentrations and social dominance in male and female guinea pigs

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Optimization of overhead enclosure monitoring in juvenile male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Optimization of overhead enclosure monitoring in juvenile male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Fatty acid synthases and desaturases are essential for the biosynthesis of α‐linolenic acid and metamorphosis in a major mulberry pest, Glyphodes pyloalis walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Analysis of key precursor peptides and flavor components of flaxseed derived Maillard reaction products based on iBAQ mass spectrometry and molecular sensory science

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