Flaxseed oil: Extraction, health benefits and products

Abstract

Flaxseed is rich in ?-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, proteins and dietary fibers, which has been considered as an important food ingredient. As one of most functional ingredients in flaxseed, flaxseed oil could provide many potential health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, live protection, diabetes treatment, etc. Besides mechanical pressing and solvent extraction for flaxseed oil, various new extraction processes, for example, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, subcritical extraction, three-phase partitioning, enzyme-assisted three-phase partitioning, etc., have been investigated. Currently, flaxseed oil has been incorporated into some regular food formulations including liquid or solid powder drink, meat products, baking foods, etc. However, due to high ALA in flaxseed oil, it is a great challenge for the development of flaxseed-oil based products. In present paper, the latest development of the extraction of flaxseed oil, the potential benefits of flaxseed oil, and flaxseed oil-based foods, were reviewed. Regarding the studies of flaxseed oil in our group was also highlighted.

Flaxseed protein: extraction, functionalities and applications

“…The global production output of flaxseed in 2018 is reached to 3.183 million tons (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2020). Canada and China are the major producers of flaxseed, which account for around 33% of the total world output (Bekhit et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2021). Due to the high contents of ALA in flaxseed oil, lignans, dietary fibers and flaxseed proteins, the scientists have been showing the great enthusiasm for flaxseed studies (Marambe & Wanasundara, 2017;Wu et al, 2019;Yang, et al, 2021;Zou et al, 2017).…”

“…At present, many flaxseed-based products, such as whole flaxseeds, ground/milled flaxseeds, flaxseed oil, and lignan extracts, have been available (Shim et al, 2015). Particularly, the applications of flaxseed oil in many food systems, have been carried out (Lim et al, 2010;Tang & Bian, 2018a, b, c, d, e;Tang, 2019a, b;Tang et al, 2020Tang et al, , 2021. As for flaxseed protein, the studies are relatively limited due to anti-nutritional substances in flaxseed meal (Safdar et al, 2020).…”

“…The preparation of flaxseed protein hydrolysates was also presented. and 0.8-1.3%, respectively (Rabetafika et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2020Tang et al, , 2021. The composition of whole flaxseed was showed in Table 1.…”

“…Flaxseed protein is enriched in arginine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, whereas it is poor in sulphur-containing amino acids, for example methionine, cysteine (Hall et al, 2006;Juodeikiene, et al, 2020;Marambe & Wanasundara, 2017;Oomah & Mazza, 1993). Lysine Protein concentration in defated flaxseed meal (DFM), the by-product of flaxseed pressing, usually changes from 35 to 40%, that indicates that DFM is an excellent source to obtain flaxseed protein (Lan et al, 2020;Marambe & Wanasundara, 2017;Nwachukwu & Aluko, 2018b;Sa et al, 2021;Tang et al, 2021;Tirgar et al, 2017). Some processing factors, such as solvent composition, pH, heating treatment, solvent/meal ratio, and salt concentration, can significantly affect the solubility of flaxseed protein (Tirgar et al, 2017).…”

An Intricate Review on Nutritional and Analytical Profiling of Coconut, Flaxseed, Olive, and Sunflower Oil Blends

“…Flaxseed, which is high in Ω-3 PUFA (ALA), lignans, proteins, and dietary fibers, has long been regarded as a valuable food component. FO, as one of the most useful components in flaxseed, may provide a variety of health advantages, including cardiovascular protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, life protection, diabetic therapy, and more [ 50 ].…”