Fleas and flea-borne diseases

Bitam, Idir; Dittmar, Katharina; Parola, Philippe; Whiting, Michael F.; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.011

Cited by 381 publications

(408 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…There are also outstanding questions about human vector contact. The most common flea in this study, X. cheopis, is a known generalist that can feed on humans and effectively transfer other pathogens (58). Because fleas are also known to transmit Bartonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the animals excluded are large ungulates, which, for ecological and evolutionary reasons, almost entirely lack fleas, particularly in the tropics of Africa [the currently known flea fauna on ungulates has a decidedly Holarctic or South Asian distribution (Vermipsyllidae and Ancistropsyllidae, respectively)] (30,58,59). Although large carnivores do carry Pulex and Ctenocephalides fleas (not Xenoypsylla fleas), these large carnivores are at extremely low densities in the landscape and are just one of many host groups for these fleas (58). From a human risk perspective, the wild ungulates and large carnivores excluded in this study are also unlikely to interact closely with humans, making transmission less likely than rodent-human transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa

Young

Dirzo²,

Helgen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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119

104

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Significance Understanding the effects of biodiversity loss on zoonotic disease is of pressing importance to both conservation science and public health. This paper provides experimental evidence of increased landscape-level disease risk following declines in large wildlife, using the case study of the rodent-borne zoonosis, bartonellosis, in East Africa. This pattern is driven not by changes in community composition or diversity of hosts, as frequently proposed in other systems, but by increases in abundance of susceptible hosts following large mammal declines. Given that rodent increases following large wildlife declines appear to be a widespread pattern, we suggest this relationship is likely to be general.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa

Young

Dirzo²,

Helgen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

119

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…La pulga del gato, C. felis, es la especie más común entre los animales domésticos de todo el mundo (33). Ctenocephalides canis se conoce generalmente como la pulga del perro, pero también, puede atacar a animales salvajes, domésticos y a los seres humanos (31). Tunga penetrans causa una ectoparasitosis bastante frecuente en algunos países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, que se propaga por la postura de huevos de la hembra en la piel de huéspedes infectados (34,35 Desde el punto de vista de la alergología, la pulga más estudiada ha sido C. felis.…”

Section: Agentes Etiológicosunclassified

Papular urticaria: A review of causal agents in Colombia

et al. 2016

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López: análisis bioinformático y datos experimentales inéditos Todos los autores contribuyeron en igual medida a la redacción del manuscrito. La urticaria papular es una enfermedad alérgica causada por la picadura de insectos, la cual predomina en el trópico. El objetivo de esta revisión fue profundizar en sus aspectos epidemiológicos e inmunológicos, particularmente con base en datos publicados en Latinoamérica. Se hizo una revisión no sistemática mediante la búsqueda electrónica de artículos sobre la epidemiología de la urticaria papular, las características entomológicas de los agentes causales y los mecanismos inmunológicos asociados. Según los diversos reportes de centros médicos de Latinoamérica la urticaria papular es frecuente; el único estudio de prevalencia publicado indica que afecta a una cuarta parte de los niños escolares de Bogotá. Hay información sobre la relación causal entre la exposición domiciliaria a la pulga, la pobreza y la urticaria papular en Bogotá, una ciudad representativa de las altitudes andinas. No hay estudios que indaguen directamente sobre los insectos causales en zonas cálidas, aunque se sospecha clínicamente de los mosquitos Aedes aegypti y Culex quinquefasciatus. En cuanto a su patogenia, se destaca la participación de mecanismos celulares que involucran las células colaboradoras Th2, lo cual explica que sea una condición de hipersensibilidad retardada. El papel de la inmunoglobulina E (IgE) en la urticaria papular no está tan claro. Se desconocen los antígenos derivados de los insectos que causan la enfermedad, aunque se plantea que existen moléculas comunes de reacción cruzada entre los insectos, tales como el alérgeno Cte f 2 en la pulga, y sus homólogos en los mosquitos. La urticaria papular es una condición frecuente en Latinoamérica que debe investigarse en profundidad. La caracterización inmunológica de los componentes moleculares que causan esta condición puede resolver interrogantes sobre su etiología y su patogenia. Urticaria papular y sus agentes causales en ColombiaPalabras clave: urticaria; insectos; Aedes; Culex; Ctenocephalides; hipersensibilidad. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v36i4.3258 Papular urticaria: A review of causal agents in ColombiaPapular urticaria is a chronic allergic reaction induced by insect bites, which is common in the tropics. The objective of this review was to deepen on epidemiological and immunological aspects of this disease, focused on data published in Latin American countries. We conducted a non-systematic review of the literature through electronic search on the epidemiology of papular urticaria, the entomological characteristics of the causative agents and associated immunological mechanisms. Several reports from medical centers suggest that papular urticaria is common in Latin America. Only one epidemiological survey designed to estimate prevalence of papular urticaria has been published, reporting that about a quarter of children under six years of age is affected by this condition in Bogotá. There is evidence on the ca...

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“…Adult fleas are obligatory blood sucking ectoparasites of mammals and birds, the majority of them being exclusive blood vesselfeeders (Lehane 2005). They are one of the main public health concerns as a result of their nuisance or the potential to act as vectors of a number of medically-important pathogens (Bitam et al 2010;Eisen and Gage 2012). Different populations of fleas have different roles in pathogen transmission in various parts of the world (Krasnov 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faunal distribution of fleas and their blood-feeding preferences using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from farm animals and human shelters in a new rural region of southern Iran

et al. 2014

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Blood sucking insects, such as fleas, are responsible for the transmission of many infectious diseasecausing agents which impose an intolerable burden on the health of people living particularly in endemic parts of the world. Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are found in many parts of the world including Iran. Both adult male and female fleas are obligatory ectoparasites. They are one of the main public health concerns as a result of their nuisance or the potential to act as vectors of a number of medically-important pathogens. The current study was conducted to examine the geographical distribution and fauna of fleas and their anthropophagic index in part of Fars province, southern Iran. This study was the first to be done in Iran. A total of 20 villages were randomly selected. From October 2011 to May 2012, adult fleas were collected by direct hand catch from human to animal shelters. Overall 848 fleas, most of which were blood-fed, were captured from the floor or the body of farm animal hosts (cattle, sheep, goat and hens). Only two different genera of fleas were identified, the main species (99.76 %) was human flea, Pulex irritans. The village of Shamsabad was the most heavily infested area. P. irritans had an anthropophagic index of 15 % using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). It could be concluded that P. irritans is widely distributed in this area. Based on their blood feeding activity, fleas thus posed a serious health threat to residents and their economically important livestock in this part of Iran.

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Fleas and flea-borne diseases

Cited by 381 publications

References 92 publications

Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa

Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa

Papular urticaria: A review of causal agents in Colombia

Faunal distribution of fleas and their blood-feeding preferences using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays from farm animals and human shelters in a new rural region of southern Iran

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