SUMMARYThe Aquidauana municipality is considered an endemic area of
leishmaniasis and an important tourist site in Mato Grosso do Sul
State. The aim of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna in the city of
Aquidauana. Captures were carried out twice a month, from April
2012 to March 2014 with automatic light traps and active aspiration, in the
peridomicile and domicile of six residences. A total of 9,338 specimens were
collected, 3,179 and 6,159 using light traps and active aspiration, respectively. The
fauna consisted of: Brumptomyia brumpti, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Ev.
evandroi, Ev. lenti, Ev. orcyi, Ev. sallesi, Ev. termitophila, Ev. walkeri,
Lutzomyia longipalpis and Psathyromyia bigeniculata. The
most abundant species captured was Lutzomyia longipalpis, present in
all the ecotopes, predominantly in peridomicile areas, and mainly males.
Leishmania DNA was not detected in the insects. It was observed
the abundance of the sand fly fauna in the region, as well as the high frequency of
Lu. longipalpis, the main vector of L. infantum.
The results of this study show the need to increase the monitoring and more effective
control measures. It is noteworthy that the studied region presents several
activities related to tourism and recreation, increasing the risk of transmission of
leishmaniasis to this particular human population.