Flexibility and sharing of childcare duties in black families

Familial Support in the Black Community

“…N. Wilson & Tolson, 1986) have suggested that parenting alone often leads to low levels of emotional support and nurturance to the single parent. In fact, the support of the caregiving parent is the most important role of the other adult family members (Slaughter & Dilworth-Anderson, 1988;M. N. Wilson, Tolson, Hinton, & Kiernan, 1990).…”

African American men and fatherhood: A look from divorced fathers

“…The difference between the childcare duties of African American residential fathers as compared to African American non-residential fathers is unsurprisingly significant, with residential fathers contributing more (Wilson, Tolson, Hinton & Kiernan, 1990). However, nonresidential black fathers are viewed as an adult resource and are active participants in their children's development (Hetherington et al, 1978;Slaughter & DilworthAnderson, 1988;Wilson et al, 1990).…”

“…Certain noncustodial fathers simply do not see their children or feel impotent in regards to decision making power during visitation. This decreased interaction of noncustodial fathers with their children may leave the fathers desiring to exert more influence in the development of their children (McAdoo, 1981;Wilson et al, 1990). Hughes (1989) found that divorced men suffer an inordinant amount of psychological distress, much of which originates from the stressful nature of separation from their children.…”

“…However, nonresidential black fathers are viewed as an adult resource and are active participants in their children's development (Hetherington et al, 1978;Slaughter & DilworthAnderson, 1988;Wilson et al, 1990).…”

Grandparenting Responsibility Among Elderly Asian Americans

“…Grandparents who co-reside with their grandchildren tend to engage in a substantial amount of caretaking (Baydar & Brooks-Gunn, 1998;Pearson, Hunter, Ensminger, & Kellam, 1990;Wilson, Tolson, Hinton, & Kiernan, 1990). Co-residential grandparents may be more influential in their grandchildren's lives (e.g., Mueller, Wilhelm, & Elder, 2002).…”