Flexible, All-Organic Chemiresistor for Detecting Chemically Aggressive Vapors

Ammu, Srikanth; Dua, Vineet; Agnihotra, Srikanth Rao; Surwade, Sumedh P.; Phulgirkar, Akshay M.; Patel, Sanjaykumar R.; Manohar, Sanjeev K.

doi:10.1021/ja300420t

Cited by 167 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We chose cellulose-based paper as the substrate for the fabrication of chemiresistive sensors because it is a ubiquitous and inexpensive material that can be easily integrated into electronic devices (36). The compatibility of paper with several well-established surface-processing technologies [e.g., drawing (26), printing (22,23), metal evaporation (37), and chemical vapor deposition (38)] facilitates rapid and straightforward introduction of diverse electronic features onto the surface of paper, and integration into chemiresistive sensing devices. Previously, we demonstrated that weighing paper (i.e., highly compressed cellulose) was superior to other types of cellulose-based paper for making ammonia sensors from pristine SWCNTs by DRAFT (26); this demonstration further refined our choice of paper for this study.…”

Section: Design Of Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, various methods have been developed for integrating CNTs into these electronic architectures [e.g., chemical vapor deposition (7,16), drop casting (17), spin coating (18,19), spray coating (20,21), inkjet printing (22,23), transfer printing (24,25), and mechanical abrasion (26)]. These methods provide a number of options for integrating CNTs into devices either as individual CNTs, highly aligned arrays of CNTs, or randomly oriented networks of CNTs (4,6,13,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid prototyping of carbon-based chemiresistive gas sensors on paper

Mirica

Azzarelli

Weis

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

116

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Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for sensing of gases and volatile organic compounds. However, the poor solubility of carbon nanotubes hinders their chemical functionalization and the subsequent integration of these materials into devices. This manuscript describes a solventfree procedure for rapid prototyping of selective chemiresistors from CNTs and graphite on the surface of paper. This procedure enables fabrication of functional gas sensors from commercially available starting materials in less than 15 min. The first step of this procedure involves the generation of solid composites of CNTs or graphite with small molecule selectors-designed to interact with specific classes of gaseous analytes-by solvent-free mechanical mixing in a ball mill and subsequent compression. The second step involves deposition of chemiresistive sensors by mechanical abrasion of these solid composites onto the surface of paper. Parallel fabrication of multiple chemiresistors from diverse composites rapidly generates cross-reactive arrays capable of sensing and differentiating gases and volatile organic compounds at partper-million and part-per-thousand concentrations. mechanochemistry | gas sensor arrays | pencil | nanocarbon | electronic nose D evelopment of simple and low-cost technologies for detecting and identifying gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is critically important for improving human health, safety, and quality of life (1-3). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for sensing gases and VOCs because they can be integrated into portable, sensitive, cost-effective, and lowpower devices (4-6). The molecular structure of CNTs renders the electrical conductance of these materials extremely sensitive to changes in their local chemical environment (7), and the compatibility of these materials with covalent (8-11) and noncovalent (11, 12) chemical modification enables fabrication of selective sensors (4).Multiple research groups have exploited several electronic architectures for CNT-based gas and vapor sensors (e.g., chemiresistors, field-effect transistors) with the goal of optimizing various characteristics, such as sensitivity, selectivity, response time and recovery, reproducibility in performance, power requirements, ease of fabrication, and cost (4, 6, 13-15). As a result, various methods have been developed for integrating CNTs into these electronic architectures [e.g., chemical vapor deposition (7, 16), drop casting (17), spin coating (18, 19), spray coating (20, 21), inkjet printing (22, 23), transfer printing (24, 25), and mechanical abrasion (26)]. These methods provide a number of options for integrating CNTs into devices either as individual CNTs, highly aligned arrays of CNTs, or randomly oriented networks of CNTs (4,6,13,15).Chemiresistors based on randomly oriented networks of CNTs offer significant advantages over other types of architectures for CNT-based sensors in terms of simplicity of design, ease of fabrication, compatibility with chemical func...

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Section: Design Of Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid prototyping of carbon-based chemiresistive gas sensors on paper

Mirica

Azzarelli

Weis

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many of the functionalities of these materials, such as their ultrahigh sensitivity, room-temperature workability, and high transparency, have already been improved. [8][9][10][11] However, like other wearable devices, flexible chemiresistors still have some shortcomings such as difficulty in controlling power usage because operation at lower power level for reduction in power consumption can cause degradation in device performance (i.e., slower response speed, lower resolution, etc.). [12,13] Therefore, in addition to device miniaturization methods to reduce power consumption, developing better sensing materials to enhance the sensing performance is also necessary for wearable electronics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flexible Transparent Reduced Graphene Oxide Sensor Coupled with Organic Dye Molecules for Rapid Dual‐Mode Ammonia Gas Detection

Duy

Trung

Dang

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

119

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Flexible chemical sensors utilizing chemically sensitive nanomaterials are of great interest for wearable sensing applications. However, obtaining high performance flexible chemical sensors with high sensitivity, fast response, transparency, stability, and workability at ambient conditions is still challenging. Herein, a newly designed flexible and transparent chemical sensor of reduced graphene oxide (R‐GO) coupled with organic dye molecules (bromophenol blue) is introduced. This device has promising properties such as high mechanical flexibility (>5000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 0.95 cm) and optical transparency (>60% in the visible region). Furthermore, stacking the water‐trapping dye layer on R‐GO enables a higher response as well as workability in a large relative humidity range (up to 80%), and dual‐mode detection capabilities of colorimetric and electrical sensing for NH3 gas (5–40 ppm). These advantageous attributes of the flexible and transparent R‐GO sensor coupled with organic dye molecules provide great potential for real‐time monitoring of toxic gas/vapor in future practical chemical sensing at room conditions in wearable electronics.

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“…The printed sensor concept has already been demonstrated by preparing, for example, ammonia gas sensors based on organic semiconductors, 15,16 and vapor sensors made from carbon-based materials such as reduced graphene oxide 17 or carbon nanotubes. 18 Unfortunately, many organic materials such as polyaniline 15 usually suffer from poor long-term stability and, as such, are not suited for reliable sensing for extended periods of time. Therefore, it is reasonable to explore inorganic materials, such as silicon, as alternative sensing materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous silicon micro- and nanoparticles for printed humidity sensors

Jalkanen

Mäkilä

Määttänen

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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Accurate measurements of water vapor transmission through high-performance barrier layers Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 075118 (2012) Quantitative calcium resistivity based method for accurate and scalable water vapor transmission rate measurement Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 085101 (2011) Humidity response properties of a potentiometric sensor using LaF3 thin film as the solid electrolyte Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 083901 (2011) New Products Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 029501 (2011) Biologically inspired humidity sensor based on three-dimensional photonic crystals

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Flexible, All-Organic Chemiresistor for Detecting Chemically Aggressive Vapors

Cited by 167 publications

References 35 publications

Rapid prototyping of carbon-based chemiresistive gas sensors on paper

Rapid prototyping of carbon-based chemiresistive gas sensors on paper

Flexible Transparent Reduced Graphene Oxide Sensor Coupled with Organic Dye Molecules for Rapid Dual‐Mode Ammonia Gas Detection

Porous silicon micro- and nanoparticles for printed humidity sensors

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