Flexible Allyl‐Modified Gelatin Photoclick Resin Tailored for Volumetric Bioprinting of Matrices for Soft Tissue Engineering

Cianciosi, Alessandro; Stecher, Sabrina; Löffler, Maxi; Bauer‐Kreisel, Petra; Lim, Khoon S.; Woodfield, Tim B. F.; Groll, Jürgen; Blunk, Torsten; Jungst, Tomasz

doi:10.1002/adhm.202300977

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Allyl-thiol step-growth cross-linking was recently exploited also by Ciancosi et al in a photoresin composed of allyl-gelatin (Gel-AGE) and thiolated PEG. 156 By tailoring the polymer content and the allyl to thiol ratio, the authors reported tomographic printing of exceptionally soft matrices (200−1000 Pa) in tens of seconds (20−50 s). Delicate, differentiated adipocytes were embedded in Gel-AGE based photoresin and printed with high viability (>90%) as proof-of-concept for tomographic bioprinting in the engineering of soft tissues such as brain, lung, breast and endothelial tissues.…”

Section: Step Growth Cross-linking For Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allyl-thiol step-growth cross-linking was recently exploited also by Ciancosi et al in a photoresin composed of allyl-gelatin (Gel-AGE) and thiolated PEG . By tailoring the polymer content and the allyl to thiol ratio, the authors reported tomographic printing of exceptionally soft matrices (200–1000 Pa) in tens of seconds (20–50 s).…”

Section: Applications Of Dvpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing

Chansoria,

Rizzo,

Rütsche

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Harnessing light for cross-linking of photoresponsive materials has revolutionized the field of 3D printing. A wide variety of techniques leveraging broadspectrum light shaping have been introduced as a way to achieve fast and high-resolution printing, with applications ranging from simple prototypes to biomimetic engineered tissues for regenerative medicine. Conventional light-based printing techniques use cross-linking of material in a layer-by-layer fashion to produce complex parts. Only recently, new techniques have emerged which deploy multidirection, tomographic, light-sheet or filamented lightbased image projections deep into the volume of resin-filled vat for photoinitiation and cross-linking. These Deep Vat printing (DVP) approaches alleviate the need for layer-wise printing and enable unprecedented fabrication speeds (within a few seconds) with high resolution (>10 μm). Here, we elucidate the physics and chemistry of these processes, their commonalities and differences, as well as their emerging applications in biomedical and non-biomedical fields. Importantly, we highlight their limitations, and future scope of research that will improve the scalability and applicability of these DVP techniques in a wide variety of engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

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Section: Step Growth Cross-linking For Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Dvpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing

Chansoria,

Rizzo,

Rütsche

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, the thiol-ene reaction features a high reaction kinetic, oxygen insensitivity, compatibility with low concentration monomers, and limited hydrogel shrinking and polymerization stress 13–15 . Allyl-modified gelatin (gelAGE) is an established biomaterial platform which undergoes thiol-ene click reaction in presence of a thiolated crosslinker and a photoinitiator (PI) 16,17 . VPP technologies often exploit resin formulations with photoabsorber (PA) to attenuate the light penetration depth and to withdraw photons from the PI, thus delaying the radical formation and yielding to more resolved features 18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber-Assisted Printing: A Platform Technology for Straightforward Photopolymer Resins Patterning and Freeform 3D Printing

Cianciosi,

Pfeiffle,

Wohlfahrt

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Light-based 3D printing techniques represent powerful tools, enabling the precise fabrication of intricate objects with high resolution and control. An innovative addition to this set of printing techniques is Optical Fiber-Assisted Printing (OFAP) introduced in this manuscript. OFAP is a platform utilizing a LED-coupled optical fiber (LOF) which selectively crosslinks photopolymer resins. It allows on-the-fly change of parameters like light intensity and LOF velocity during fabrication, facilitating the creation of structures with progressive features and multi-material constructs layer-by-layer. An optimized formulation based on allyl-modified gelatin (gelAGE) with food dyes as photoabsorbers is introduced. Additionally, a novel gelatin-based biomaterial, alkyne-modified gelatin (gelGPE), featuring alkyne moieties, demonstrates near-visible light absorption thus fitting OFAP needs, paving the way for multifunctional hydrogels through thiol-yne click chemistry. Besides 2D patterning, OFAP is transferred to embedded 3D printing within a resin bath demonstrating the proof-of-concept as novel printing technology with potential applications in tissue engineering and biomimetic scaffold fabrication, offering rapid and precise freeform printing capabilities.

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Thermal Shrinking of Biopolymeric Hydrogels for High Resolution 3D Printing of Kidney Tubules

Viola,

Valverde,

Bernal

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The effective replication of microtubular structures in tissue engineering remains a great challenge. In this study, the temperature‐responsive characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) to create intricate, high‐resolution tubular structures through a shrinking mechanism is investigated by exploring 2 thermosensitive hydrogels–gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) and silk fibroin methacryloyl (silkMA)–combined with pNIPAM. Systematic investigations revealed precise control of shrinking behavior at elevated temperatures (33–37 °C) as a function of polymer concentration. The hydrogel sizes reduce by ≈15% from room temperature (RT) to 33 °C and ≈40% from RT to 37 °C for both hydrogel types. The shrinking affects the mechanical properties, increasing the compressive modulus by ≈2.8‐fold for gelMA‐pNIPAM gels and ≈5.1‐fold for silkMA‐pNIPAM gels at 37 °C. Combined with volumetric printing, these materials achieve resolution enhancements of ≈20% for positive features and ≈70% for negative features, enabling the creation of complex, high‐resolution structures within seconds, with open channels (≈50 µm). GelMA‐pNIPAM hydrogels show better cell compatibility compared to silkMA‐pNIPAM hydrogels, promoting cell adhesion and viability. This study demonstrates the thermosensitive hydrogels' capability to engineer intricate, high‐resolution tubular structures with volumetric printing–an efficient route to fabricate microenvironments mimicking native tissues with potential for developing relevant in vitro models.

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Flexible Allyl‐Modified Gelatin Photoclick Resin Tailored for Volumetric Bioprinting of Matrices for Soft Tissue Engineering

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing

Light from Afield: Fast, High-Resolution, and Layer-Free Deep Vat 3D Printing

Optical Fiber-Assisted Printing: A Platform Technology for Straightforward Photopolymer Resins Patterning and Freeform 3D Printing

Thermal Shrinking of Biopolymeric Hydrogels for High Resolution 3D Printing of Kidney Tubules

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