Flexible AlN flags for efficient wind energy harvesting at ultralow cut-in wind speed

Petroni, Simona; Rizzi, Francesco; Guido, Francesco; Cannavale, Alessandro; Donateo, Teresa; Ingrosso, Fabio; Mastronardi, Vincenzo Mariano; Cingolani, R.; Vittorio, Massimo De

doi:10.1039/c4ra10319j

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The multi-layered thin films structure consists of a piezoelectric layer of Aluminum Nitride (AlN, 1 μm thick) sandwiched between two Molybdenum films (Mo, 200 nm of thickness) acting as electrodes. AlN is a dielectric material presenting interesting electrical and a natural piezoelectricity due to its crystal symmetry [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 28 ]. Since the device will be employed as an underwater sensor, it needs to be fully electrically insulated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of fluid dynamics, the microcantilever has already found application as a rheological sensor to measure the properties of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in real time [ 14 ] and for sensing of both the flow rate and the flow direction [ 15 ]. On the other hand, the piezoelectric cantilever is also used to harvest energy [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], in the Internet-of-Things field [ 20 , 25 , 26 ], to realize piezoelectrochemical hydrogen production [ 27 ], for biochemical sensing, parallel multicantilever Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements and nanometer range manipulation [ 28 ]. The strengths of this device are low cost, easily manufactured; although intrusive, it is well suited for small scale models and can be used as a self-powering sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Bartolo

Vittorio

Francone

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The problem of vortex shedding, which occurs when an obstacle is placed in a regular flow, is governed by Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, known by dimensional analysis. The present work aims to propose a thin films-based device, consisting of an elastic piezoelectric flapping flag clamped at one end, in order to determine the frequency of vortex shedding downstream an obstacle for a flow field at Reynolds number Re∼103 in the open channel. For these values, Strouhal number obtained in such way is in accordance with the results known in literature. Moreover, the development of the voltage over time, generated by the flapping flag under the load due to flow field, shows a highly fluctuating behavior and satisfies Taylor’s law, observed in several complex systems. This provided useful information about the flow field through the constitutive law of the device.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Bartolo

Vittorio

Francone

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Photo and expanded view of the layered structure of the first group of piezoelectric micro-devices employed for energy harvesting in fluid environments. The thin films were deposited by reactive sputtering, as described in [15,16]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Protective Coatings for Flexible Piezoelectric Transducers in Aqueous Environments

et al. 2019

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Electronic devices used for marine applications suffer from several issues that can compromise their performance. In particular, water absorption and permeation can lead to the corrosion of metal parts or short-circuits. The added mass due to the absorbed water affects the inertia and durability of the devices, especially for flexible and very thin micro-systems. Furthermore, the employment of such delicate devices underwater is unavoidably subjected to the adhesion of microorganisms and formation of biofilms that limit their reliability. Thus, the demand of waterproofing solutions has increased in recent years, focusing on more conformal, flexible and insulating coatings. This work introduces an evaluation of different polymeric coatings (parylene-C, poly-dimethyl siloxane (PDMS), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and poly-(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)) aimed at increasing the reliability of piezoelectric flexible microdevices used for sensing water motions or for scavenging wave energy. Absorption and corrosion tests showed that Parylene-C, while susceptible to micro-cracking during prolonged oscillating cycles, exhibits the best anti-corrosive behavior. Parylene-C was then treated with oxygen plasma and UV/ozone for modifying the surface morphology in order to evaluate the biofilm formation with different surface conditions. A preliminary characterization through a laser Doppler vibrometer allowed us to detect a reduction in the biofilm mass surface density after 35 days of exposure to seawater.

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“…[3] Megawatts of power can be generated merely by a single wind turbine as it operates under optimized conditions. [4][5][6] However, a technological shortcoming existed in these machines is that the wind speed should be more than 3 m s −1 (their manufactured cut-in speed, usually 3.5-4.0 m s −1 on modern turbines [7] ) in order to generate power to the utility system, [8][9][10][11][12] as limited by the physics of the electromagnetic generator. [13,14] Nevertheless, the most of the wind available in the environment is low-speed airflows, which is below the turbines' threshold speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting from Breeze Wind (0.7–6 m s⁻¹) Using Ultra‐Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Ren

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

128

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Wind is one of the most important sources of green energy, but the current technology for harvesting wind energy is only effective when the wind speed is beyond 3.5–4.0 m s−1. This is mainly due to the limitation that the electromagnetic generator works best at high frequency. This means that light breezes cannot reach the wind velocity threshold of current wind turbines. Here, a high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for efficiently harvesting energy from an ambient gentle wind, especially for speeds below 3 m s−1 is reported, by taking advantage of the relative high efficiency of TENGs at low‐frequency. Attributed to the multiplied‐frequency vibration of ultra‐stretchable and perforated electrodes, an average output of 20 mW m−3 can be achieved with inlet wind speed of 0.7 m s−1, while an average energy conversion efficiency of 7.8% at wind speed of 2.5 m s−1 is reached. A self‐charging power package is developed and the applicability of the TENG in various light breezes is demonstrated. This work demonstrates the advantages of TENG technology for breeze energy exploitation and proposes an effective supplementary approach for current employed wind turbines and micro energy structure.

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Flexible AlN flags for efficient wind energy harvesting at ultralow cut-in wind speed

Abstract: Flexible AlN for better harvesting of wind power at low wind speed.

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Reliability of Protective Coatings for Flexible Piezoelectric Transducers in Aqueous Environments

Energy Harvesting from Breeze Wind (0.7–6 m s⁻¹) Using Ultra‐Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Flexible AlN flags for efficient wind energy harvesting at ultralow cut-in wind speed

Abstract: Flexible AlN for better harvesting of wind power at low wind speed.

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor’s Law Approach

Reliability of Protective Coatings for Flexible Piezoelectric Transducers in Aqueous Environments

Energy Harvesting from Breeze Wind (0.7–6 m s−1) Using Ultra‐Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Energy Harvesting from Breeze Wind (0.7–6 m s⁻¹) Using Ultra‐Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator