Flexible and high‐throughput structures of Camellia block cipher for security of the Internet of Things

Rashidi, Bahram

doi:10.1049/cdt2.12025

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The progress of smart technology made our lives more comfortable, pleasant and automatic, which led to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). This revolutionary technology connects billions of objects that can communicate, sense and share information [1, 2]. These connected objects can be intelligent thanks to the fact that they can share and communicate information about themselves [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these connected devices, also called nodes, are intelligent since they are equipped with a microcontroller unit (MCU) [5]. They are utilised in several IoT applications such as mobile phones, automotive, smart home, health and military applications etc [2]. One important practical issue in these fields is to keep the sensor firmware updated [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient implementation of low cost and secure framework with firmware updates

Hlima¹,

Kacem²,

Gharsallah³

2023

IET Computers & Digital Tech

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Recently, the Internet of things (IoT) has become extensively used in our daily lives. This technology offers a new vision of the future internet where devices are interconnected and can communicate together. A big number of these devices complicates the firmware update and makes it more expensive since each node must be updated locally. Nevertheless, there are many cases where devices cannot change their location to upgrade the firmware locally due to an unreachable location or dangerous place. Therefore, it is necessary to remotely update the firmware of devices. In this study, the authors propose an efficient implementation of a low cost and secure framework of upgrading the firmware employing the latter On-The-Air programming technique. The authors present a proof of concept for a ubiquitous system applying wireless programmer. Our design offers a remote broadcasting of image code without disturbing the main functionality of nodes. The authors validated the performance of our design on a real network based on STM32 micro-controllers. The results showed the reduction of the network time-off, enabling a continuous operation of the ecosystem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient implementation of low cost and secure framework with firmware updates

Hlima¹,

Kacem²,

Gharsallah³

2023

IET Computers & Digital Tech

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“…ii. Camellia as an S-Box-based algorithm is vulnerable to dierential, boomerang linear, and rectangle cryptanalysis of Camellia [6]. iii.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…iii. As an S-Box-based algorithm, Camellia is vulnerable to dierential, boomerang, truncated Dierential cryptanalysis, slide, and rotational attacks [6]. iv.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Application of the Khumbelo Function on the Camellia Algorithm to Prevent Attacks in IoT Devices

Muthavhine,

Sumbwanyambe

2023

IEEE Access

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Camellia is an encryption algorithm implemented in many Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, intruders attack the Camellia cipher using Substitution Box (S-Box) distinguishers. The distinguishers are tables that provide probabilities for guessing the secret keys of the algorithms. Distinguishers are used in the majority of attacks. The most wellknown distinguishers are Linear Approximation Table (LAT), Dierence-Distribution Table (DDT), and Dierential-Linear Connectivity Table (DLCT). This research focuses on preventing these attacks using a novel function called the Khumbelo function to distract the construction of S-Box distinguishers. The Khumbelo function distracted the distinguishers' constructions by reducing the probability of building the table. The Khumbelo function successfully decreased the attack probability of LAT (from 54.6875 percent to 0 percent), DDT (from 1.5625 percent to 0 percent), and DLCT (from 50.0000 percent to 0 percent). The Khumbelo function is generated using a 4-Byte output S-Box instead of the original 1-Byte output S-Box in Camellia. INDEX TERMS Camellia, Cryptographic Attacks, Internet of Things (IoT), IoT devices, K_Camellia, S-Box, The Khumbelo Function. I. INTRODUCTION T HE Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern critical system that connects devices, things, individuals, objects, digital machines, computers, and objects for the transmission of information [1]. IoT is emerging as an eective technique with devices in signicant elds to create unique networks [1] [2]. IoT customers use these networks depending on the task needed at that time, [3]. Companies use IoT devices and networks to exchange top secret and condential information, [4]. Some of this information is sent unencrypted or encrypted by algorithms that are vulnerable to attacks [4].Cryptographic algorithms are primarily used to ensure security and privacy [4]. One of the cryptographic algorithms used on IoT devices is Camellia. This study shows that dierent types of IoT devices use Camellia. Some S-Box-based cryptographic algorithms are compromised on IoT devices, including Camellia and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). An S-Box, for example, could resist or allow attacks. Assume an S-Box with less than 32 output bits, such as in Camellia and AES, which have eight output bits [5]. In that case, intruders could easily construct dierent distinguishers to get the probability of guessing the encryption key. Camellia and AES share some similarities in that all S-Boxes in these two algorithms are built using similar transformations that take the multiplicative inverse over a nite eld, and they are all 8 x 8 in size [5]. Therefore, if an intruder could attack one S-Box, all S-Boxes would be vulnerable. According to the ndings of this study, these S-Boxes are vulnerable to various attacks. Cryptographic algorithms are unavoidable, but they must be designed in advance to withstand attacks [4].The existing studies show that intruders attack the Camellia algorithm with various attack methods. For instance:i. Camellia is vu...

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State‐of‐the‐Art 3DES Pipelined Cryptographic Engine Design Against Side‐Channel Attacks

Shi,

Wang,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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In this paper, a high‐speed, low‐latency, and high‐security hardware‐implemented triple data encryption standard (3DES) cryptographic algorithm is proposed for securing data privacy. In order to achieve a high throughput for the 3DES architecture, the whole circuit is optimized with a 24‐stage pipelined design at first. For breaking the correlation between the processed data and power dissipation of the 3DES circuit against differential power analysis (DPA) attacks, two pseudo‐random number generators (PRNGs) are embedded to randomly alter the number of pipelined stages and data substitution locations within the 3DES circuit, respectively. Under such a circumstance, the proposed 3DES circuit is able to achieve high performance and strong robustness against DPA attacks without causing much overhead. As shown in the results, under the synthesis of SMIC 14‐nm process design kits (PDK), the clock frequency, area, power dissipation, and throughput of the proposed 3DES circuit, respectively, are achieved as 1.2 GHz, 26,435 m2, 21.05 mW, and 64 Gbps. Furthermore, when DPA attacks are executed on the proposed 3DES circuit, the corresponding secret key cannot be revealed even if 2 million plaintexts are enabled. In contrast, only 40,000 plaintexts are adequate to disclose the secret key of a regular pipelined 3DES circuit.

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Flexible and high‐throughput structures of Camellia block cipher for security of the Internet of Things

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Efficient implementation of low cost and secure framework with firmware updates

Efficient implementation of low cost and secure framework with firmware updates

An Application of the Khumbelo Function on the Camellia Algorithm to Prevent Attacks in IoT Devices

State‐of‐the‐Art 3DES Pipelined Cryptographic Engine Design Against Side‐Channel Attacks

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