Flexible Beam Manipulations by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface With Independent Control of Amplitude and Phase

Liang, Jinxing; Zhang, Lei; Cheng, Zhang Wen; Zhang, Peng; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.3389/fmats.2022.946163

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The preceding research works [20][21][22], as well as our proposed RAPM, achieved dynamic-control-reflected EM beams by incorporating active diodes integrated within the upper passive metal layer. The differences between our study and the previous works [20][21][22] in the structures and performance are shown in Table 1. RAPM operates normally in the 10.5-11.5 GHz band, basically covering the 11 GHz band in microwave communication systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metasurface proposed in [20] has the ability to regulate the quantities of reflected EM beams in 1-D space, while the distribution of EM waves' energy is limited. The proposed metasurface in [21] can divide the vertically incident waves into two lobes with distinct elevation angles (θ) and power intensities. Regarding the metasurface described in [22], it is able to modulate the quantities of reflected EM beams in 1-D space, including the suppression of the sidelobes of the scattering beam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these issues, novel reconfigurable metasurfaces have been proposed, which can jointly modulate the phase and amplitude of EM waves. Nevertheless, these devices still have some limitations, such as the requirement of using more than one lumped element to achieve simultaneous amplitude and phase regulation [20], the increased difficulty of designing and processing due to complex multi-layer unit element structures [21], and the fact that the modulation of scattered beams in only 1-D spaces [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reconfigurable Amplitude-Phase-Coding Metasurface with Flexible Beamforming Capability

Gao,

Zhou,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, reconfigurable coding metasurfaces have attracted extensive attention due to their dynamic and flexible manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, making them an effective solution to connect physical reality and information science. Nevertheless, most previously reported reconfigurable metasurfaces suffer from limited applications, as they solely possess either phase or amplitude modulation. In this article, we propose a reconfigurable coding metasurface that can regulate both phase and amplitude response independently. In the field of the metasurface, the phase response can tailor the wavefronts, and the amplitude response can adjust the redistribution of the energy of the EM waves. Specifically, by integrating a PIN diode into the meta-atom and controlling its bias voltage, the reflection phase can be switched between two opposite phases with a phase difference of about 180°, and the reflection amplitude can be manipulated from 0.02 to 0.98 continuously at 11 GHz. The unit element consists of simple multi-layer structures, reducing its production cost and processing difficulty. By loading 1-bit phase code and multi-bit amplitude code to each unit element severally, this metasurface can modulate the distribution of reflected EM waves in two-dimensional (2-D) space while simultaneously suppressing the sidelobes for any quantity of scattered beams over a wide operating band ranging from 10.5 to 11.5 GHz. This metasurface exhibits promising potential for manipulating the distribution of EM wave energy and shaping of EM beams, which can be expected to facilitate wireless communication technology.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reconfigurable Amplitude-Phase-Coding Metasurface with Flexible Beamforming Capability

Gao,

Zhou,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Z s is the impedance of the dielectric substrate and can be equated to a short transmission line [26], related to the dielectric substrate material and thickness (ε r and h):…”

Section: Discussion and Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A wide-incidence-angle insensitive multi-polarization converter based on reflective metasurface

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Xiao³

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we propose a wide-incidence-angle insensitive reflective metasurface multi-polarization converter, using split-ring-resonators and cross oscillators structure. The simulated results indicate that the polarization conversion ratio for linear to linear (LTL) polarization conversion is greater than 90% in three frequency bands of 5.03–5.19 GHz (3.13%), 6.38–6.82 GHz (6.67%) and 7.38–7.44 GHz (0.81%). Meanwhile, the axial ratio for linear to circular (LTC) polarization conversion is less than 3 dB in four frequency bands of 4.79–5 GHz (4.29%), 5.24–6.27 GHz (17.90%), 6.94–7.35 GHz (5.74%) and 7.45–7.48 GHz (0.40%). LTL or LTC polarization conversion will not be affected when the incidence angle is tilted by 45° under both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. To verify the polarization conversion performance, a sample consisting of 18 × 18 unit cells is fabricated and measured. The measured results are found to be in reasonable agreement with the simulated results, demonstrating the potential application of this design for future microwave polarization state manipulation.

show abstract

“…To achieve reconfigurable magnitude and phase control, active components, such as PIN and varactor diodes [24], and graphene [25], to name a few, are mainly used. A reconfigurable metasurface reflector based on two varactor diodes was recently proposed in [26] with a demonstration of simultaneous and independent magnitude and phase control for single-plane beamforming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Metasurface Reflectors Based on Coupled Resonators for Simultaneous Magnitude and Phase Control

Emara,

Kundu,

Macdonell

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel metasurface reflector unit cell based on two coupled resonators is proposed and demonstrated for real-time reconfigurable beamforming in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The unit cell is composed of a splitring resonator (SRR) with tunable capacitance and a dipole-ring resonator (DRR) with tunable resistance, whose collective variations allow for control over the complex reflectance at a desired frequency. To gain physical insight into its working mechanism, the proposed unit cell is modeled as a coupled Lorentz oscillator using the surface susceptibility description of the unit cell. Thereafter, a metasurface reflector based on the proposed unit cell is demonstrated in full-wave simulations to achieve various beamforming examples, such as beam-steering, side-lobe level control, beam-steering with amplitude control, and multibeam patterns, from a single normally-incident plane wave excitation. Three metasurface reflectors are fabricated to experimentally demonstrate the proposed concept; the first is based on an SRR with a varactor diode, the second is based on a DRR with a PIN diode, and the third is based on the proposed coupled SRR-DRR configuration with both varactor and PIN diodes, for simultaneous magnitude and phase control. The metasurface reflector based on the coupled resonator unit cell is experimentally demonstrated to achieve versatile beam transformations including beam-steering with amplitude control and multi-beam patterns.INDEX TERMS metasurface reflectors, beamforming, side-lobe level control, beam-steering, multibeam patterns, complex reflectance, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, coupled resonators, smart radio environments.

show abstract

Flexible Beam Manipulations by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface With Independent Control of Amplitude and Phase

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Reconfigurable Amplitude-Phase-Coding Metasurface with Flexible Beamforming Capability

Reconfigurable Amplitude-Phase-Coding Metasurface with Flexible Beamforming Capability

A wide-incidence-angle insensitive multi-polarization converter based on reflective metasurface

Dynamic Metasurface Reflectors Based on Coupled Resonators for Simultaneous Magnitude and Phase Control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About