Flexible Doppler ultrasound device for the monitoring of blood flow velocity

Wang, Fengle; Jin, Peng; Feng, Yunlu; Fu, Ji; Wang, Peng; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Yingchao; Ma, Yinji; Yang, Yamei; Yang, Aiming; Feng, Xue

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi9283

Cited by 92 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition to several transduction mechanisms we reviewed, flexible sensors based on novel functional materials and sensing mechanisms have been proposed recently in the applications of wearable electronics. For instance, ultrastretchable ultrasonic sensors, [23,187] optoelectric-technique-based sensors, [188][189][190][191][192] potentiometric sensors, [193] liquid metal particles, [194][195][196] textile-based sensors, [197][198][199][200] hydrogels, [201][202][203] etc. However, all the mentioned wearable sensors are generally vulnerable to the body motion artifact leading to inaccurate diagnosis and misinterpretation, which is mainly ascribed to the weak adhesion or poor conformability, and thus inconsistent interfaces between the devices and human skins.…”

Section: Future Materials and Structural Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Furthermore, by 2030 this number is expected to rise steadily to 23.6 million. [2] Despite such high mortality rates, most CVD, [3,4] including arteriosclerosis, [5,6] diabetes, [7][8][9][10] myocardial infarction, [11,12] coronary heart disease, [13,14] and hypertension, [15][16][17][18] can be prevented and treated through early diagnosis and long-term monitoring of physiological signaling. Conventional health systems suffer from deficiencies in wearability, wireless technology, lifespan, and stability to maintain a long-term collection of clinical-grade individual health metrics for accurate diagnosis. [19][20][21] As such, promoting the utility of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled technology in personalized healthcare is still significantly impeded by the need for costeffective and wearing-comfort biomedical devices to continuously provide real-time patient-generated health data. Over the past several decades, significant advances in wearable pressure sensors have been observed, allowing them to noninvasively and continuously detect human physiological and pathological signals. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] These biomedical metrics can then be used to evaluate cardiovascular conditions, providing a personalized health care system with better health outcomes, increased user-friendliness, greater quality, and cost-effectiveness that are essential to reducing CVD incidence and mortality. [36][37][38][39] Pulse waves are prominent component of human physiological signaling and involve abundant human-health information that can reveal individual conditions, including heart problems (such as arrhythmia), blood pressure, vascular aging, exercise, medication, and sleep status. [40][41][42][43][44][45] Although physical symptoms are often elusively observed in their early stages, they can be diagnosed through subtle pulsewave changes. Preventive action of CVDs can be taken by differentiating the variance of pulse waveforms with consideration of participants' age, gender, weight, and daily diet. [46][47][48][49] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has proposed empirical approaches to analyze human physical state from pulse waves, rendering pulse wave surveillance unavoidable for TCM. [50,51] TCM is unable to continuously monitor pulse waves, limiting the accuracy of the assessment results. As such, empirical diagnostic methods may profoundly depend on the experiences of the practitioner, the emotions of the participant, and the external environment, resulting in the administration of distorted or problematic treatment. [52] Additionally, the diagnostic results among practitioners are Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of flexible sensing technologies and wearable pressure sensors have attracted keen research interest and have been widely used for longterm and real-time cardiovascular status monitoring. Owing to compelling characteristics, including light weight, wearing comfort, and high sensitivity to pulse pressures, physiological pulse ...

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Section: Future Materials and Structural Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring

et al. 2022

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“…Although the spacing between each row of the array is only 0.4 mm to cover the arterial vessels, since the arteries are circular, strong echoes can only be obtained when the ultrasound beam is perpendicular to the artery and aligned with the diameter. Finally, the body movement significantly interferes with the local PWV measurement, which is a common problem in research on flexible ultrasound arrays [ 24 , 28 , 29 ]. For example, wider transducers can be used to ensure that the sound beam covers the lower artery, to reduce the interference caused by motion, and to cancel the requirement of a pasted position.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of MEMS technology and flexible electronic technology enables a possible solution to these problems. Some miniaturized ultrasound probes [ 25 , 26 , 27 ] and stretchable ultrasound wearable devices have been developed for blood pressure and blood flow velocity monitoring [ 24 , 28 , 29 ]. However, there is no research on flexible ultrasound devices for local PWV monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Ultrasound Array for Local Pulse Wave Velocity Monitoring

Wang

Pan

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured at a specific artery location is called local PWV, which provides the elastic characteristics of arteries and indicates the degree of arterial stiffness. However, the large and cumbersome ultrasound probes require an appropriate sensor position and pressure maintenance, introducing usability constraints. In this paper, we developed a light (0.5 g) and thin (400 μm) flexible ultrasound array by encapsulating 1–3 composite piezoelectric transducers with a silicone elastomer. It can capture the distension waveforms of four arterial positions with a spacing of 10 mm and calculate the local PWV by multi-point fitting. This is illustrated by in vivo experiments, where the local PWV value of five normal subjects ranged from 3.07 to 4.82 m/s, in agreement with earlier studies. The beat-to-beat coefficient of variation (CV) is 12.0% ± 3.5%, showing high reliability. High reproducibility is shown by the results of two groups of independent measurements of three subjects (the error between the mean values is less than 0.3 m/s). These properties of the developed flexible ultrasound array enable the bandage-like application of local PWV monitoring to skin surfaces.

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“…The fusion of soft electronics and human tissues has the potential to improve the quality of human experience in the fields of healthcare monitoring, chronic disease treatment, and human–machine interfaces. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] However, the ability to create custom‐made electronics on human organs is hampered by the difficulties in biocompatible in situ welding of electronics on delicate surfaces, such as human skin. At present, most reported skin electronics cannot form a reliable adhesion to the skin, and they usually come into contact with human tissues (such as the skin and the heart) through tapes, bands, or van der Waals forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Electronics from Biocompatible In Situ Welding Enabled By Intrinsically Sticky Conductors

et al. 2022

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Welding usually involves high temperatures, toxic solvents, or conditions not compatible with human bodies, which severely limit the fusion of electronics and human tissues. To achieve direct welding of electronics on human skin, the intrinsically sticky conductors that can simultaneously achieve metal‐grade electrical conductivity (≈41 7000 S m −1 ), hydrogel‐grade stretchability (>900% strain), and self‐adhesiveness (1.8 N cm −1 ) are reported. The sticky conductors composed of gallium indium alloy and acrylate polymer adhesives have a surface‐enriched structure, which can form instant mechanical and electrical connections with different surfaces through gentle pressure without involving conditions that may damage human tissues. Based on the sticky conductors, the in situ welding of electronics on the skin is realized. To demonstrate the feasibility of in situ welding, electronic tattoos are achieved for movement monitoring. Intrinsically sticky electrodes that can resist drying and simultaneously deform with the skin for electrophysiological measurement are also developed.

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Flexible Doppler ultrasound device for the monitoring of blood flow velocity

Cited by 92 publications

References 41 publications

Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring

Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring

A Flexible Ultrasound Array for Local Pulse Wave Velocity Monitoring

Skin Electronics from Biocompatible In Situ Welding Enabled By Intrinsically Sticky Conductors

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