Flexible electronic skin with nanostructured interfaces via flipping over electroless deposited metal electrodes

Shi, Zhuanzhuan; Wu, Xiaoshuai; Zhang, Huihui; Chai, Huihui; Li, Chang Ming; Lu, Zhisong

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.069

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[68,165] One example is the use of electrodeless deposition, which does not require external power sources or vacuum deposition processes to develop desired electrode system; the active areas, mainly onto the electrodes, were deposited with Cu (conductivity: 1.75 Ω sq −1 ) and applied for skin-attachable physiological pressure sensor with sensitivity of 2.22 kPa −1 . [288] Wu et al reported, using a hydrothermal method, the piezoelectric selenium (t-Se) NWs stacked with PDMS and Ag electrode, integrated into wearable selfpowered nanogenerator (maximum power: 0.135 nW cm −2 ), which withstands tensile strength of 1.78 MPa along with a maximum strain of 200%. [68] In addition, attempts to form LM on flexible substrates using screen-printing techniques have sped up a real-life application of this quite new area of development.…”

Section: Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solution‐synthesized functional substrates or nanomaterials provide the breakthrough that addresses these issues and also obtains the desired properties . One example is the use of electrodeless deposition, which does not require external power sources or vacuum deposition processes to develop desired electrode system; the active areas, mainly onto the electrodes, were deposited with Cu (conductivity: 1.75 Ω sq −1 ) and applied for skin‐attachable physiological pressure sensor with sensitivity of 2.22 kPa −1 . Wu et al reported, using a hydrothermal method, the piezoelectric selenium (t‐Se) NWs stacked with PDMS and Ag electrode, integrated into wearable self‐powered nanogenerator (maximum power: 0.135 nW cm −2 ), which withstands tensile strength of 1.78 MPa along with a maximum strain of 200% .…”

Section: Required Properties Of Wfhementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

et al. 2019

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glasses, watches, wristbands, or belts, are either fully or partially composed of planar and rigid materials, which require the use of obtrusive, hard supports or additional bendable strips to be mounted on the human body. Therefore, clinical devices that use the existing wearables cause discomfort and limit monitoring of human physiological data in the laboratory. This is the big limitation factor to overcome despite the ever-growing market for wearables in broader screenings outside of the clinic. By this account, it is necessary to replace the bulky and rigid plastics and metal components in the sensors and electronics with skin-like materials for enhanced wearability and functionality.The concept of WFHE poses a possible solution to address the aforementioned difficulties by providing user comfort, compliant mechanics, soft integration, multifunctionality, and smart diagnostics with embedded machine learning algorithms. Specifically, such electronics would provide stable and intimate contact to the soft human skin without adding any mechanical and thermal loadings or causing skin breakdown. Current development strategies and approaches for advanced WFHE focus on soft, flexible form factors, nonirritating and nontoxic characteristics, fully autonomous energy components, seamless wireless communications, Recent advances in soft materials and system integration technologies have provided a unique opportunity to design various types of wearable flexible hybrid electronics (WFHE) for advanced human healthcare and humanmachine interfaces. The hybrid integration of soft and biocompatible materials with miniaturized wireless wearable systems is undoubtedly an attractiveprospect in the sense that the successful device performance requires high degrees of mechanical flexibility, sensing capability, and user-friendly simplicity. Here, the most up-to-date materials, sensors, and system-packaging technologies to develop advanced WFHE are provided. Details of mechanical, electrical, physicochemical, and biocompatible properties are discussed with integrated sensor applications in healthcare, energy, and environment. In addition, limitations of the current materials are discussed, as well as key challenges and the future direction of WFHE. Collectively, an all-inclusive review of the newly developed WFHE along with a summary of imperative requirements of material properties, sensor capabilities, electronics performance, and skin integrations is provided. Wearable Flexible Hybrid ElectronicsThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Section: Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Required Properties Of Wfhementioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

et al. 2019

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“…To date, with the development of lithography technology and photochemistry, manipulating the surface/interface polymerization through the light modulation to achieve programmable polymeric patterns have attracted people's attention. Through these photoinitiated radical polymerization techniques, patterned cross‐linked gels or surface polymer brushes with metal‐platable side groups have been achieved with the assistance of the photomask lithography method, which follows by a sequential ELD procedure to obtain deposited metal layer patterns 26–31 . Despite the advantages in high efficiency and precise metal deposition, the high expense and complicated operation procedure hinder the application of the photomask lithography‐based PAELD approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through these photoinitiated radical polymerization techniques, patterned cross-linked gels or surface polymer brushes with metal-platable side groups have been achieved with the assistance of the photomask lithography method, which follows by a sequential ELD procedure to obtain deposited metal layer patterns. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Despite the advantages in high efficiency and precise metal deposition, the high expense and complicated operation procedure hinder the application of the photomask lithography-based PAELD approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating patterned polyelectrolyte brushes by dynamic microprojection lithography for selective electroless metal deposition

Zhao

Pan³

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The emerging need for flexible and wearable electronics has been pushing the edge of the traditional electroless deposition (ELD) technique. With the rapid development of polymer‐assisted ELD (PAELD), its time‐consuming and possess‐complicated procedures have hindered the application of the technique. Here, for purpose of addressing the challenge, the work demonstrates a highly efficient and versatile method, based on the procedure consisting of the customized polyelectrolyte brushes patterns fabrication with the assistance of mask‐free dynamic microprojection lithography and sequential selective ELD (DML‐ELD), for the fabrication of arbitrary electrode on the silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrate. The resistivity of the patterned copper electrode maintained around 0.062 Ω∙mm at room temperature, indicating the high reproducibility and stability of the method. Furthermore, an interdigital copper electrode fabricated with the DML‐ELD method was coated with a poly(vinyl alcohol) sensing layer, forming a sandwich structure for the ambient humidity detection. The sensitivity of the lab‐made humidity sensor achieves 0.82 pF/%RH (<80%RH) and 19.3 pF/%RH (>80%RH). The work has demonstrated the broad prospect of the proposed DML‐ELD method in the rapid and customized manufacturing of microcircuit fabrication for electronic devices.

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“…E-skin is a device designed to sense a stimulus, such as touch, deformation, temperature, or pressure, as human skin does. , Development of e-skin furnishes great potential to various applications such as artificial intelligence, soft robotics, prosthetics, health monitoring, wearable devices, and advanced human–machine interaction. Interesting researches to realize e-skin for the targeted application have been reported based on the flexible conductive material systems; conductor embedded elastic matrix, − and flexible ionic conductors. − For example, Hong and co-workers addressed a flexible temperature sensor, using a stack of partially transparent and flexible conductive layers . A highly stretchable, transparent ionic touch panel was presented based on the polyacrylamide hydrogel containing lithium chloride salts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Self-Healable Touch Sensing Artificial Skin Device

Park

Shin

Jang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Human skin is a unique functional material that perfectly covers body parts having various complicated shapes, spontaneously heals mechanical damage, and senses a touch. E-skin devices have been actively researched, focusing on the sensing functionality of skin. However, most e-skin devices still have limitations in their shapes, and it is a challenging issue of interest to realize multiple functionalities in one device as human skin does. Here, new artificial skin devices are demonstrated in application-oriented three-dimensional (3D) shapes, which can sense exact touch location and heal mechanical damage spontaneously. Beyond the conventional film-type e-skin devices, the artificial skin devices are fabricated in optimal three-dimensional structures, via systematic material design and characterization of ion-conductive self-healing hydrogel system and its extrusion-based 3D printing. The ring-shaped and fingertip-shaped artificial skin devices are successfully fabricated to fit perfectly on finger models, and shows large electronic signal contrast, ∼5.4 times increase in current, upon a human finger contact. Furthermore, like human skin, the device provides the exact positional information of an arbitrary touch location on a three-dimensional artificial skin device without complicated device fabrication or data processing.

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Flexible electronic skin with nanostructured interfaces via flipping over electroless deposited metal electrodes

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

Fabricating patterned polyelectrolyte brushes by dynamic microprojection lithography for selective electroless metal deposition

Three-Dimensional Self-Healable Touch Sensing Artificial Skin Device

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