Flexible On-Orbit Calibration for Monocular Camera and Laser Rangefinder Integrated Pose Measurement System

Compressive sensing–based optical two-frequency continuous wave time-of-flight ranging system

“…Consequently, N e = 200 samples of the carrier wave were accumulated by the PDs. The maximum distance that can be measured using the system was calculated as λ e = c/( f c2 − f c1 ) = 30 m, and the accuracy was ΔL = 15 cm, as determined using equation (8).…”

“…Note that this is the same as the accuracy of the existing single-wavelength ranging system [20]. The same measurement process described in equations (2)-( 5) is applied to the samples observed using the reference PD to reconstruct the waveform of the reference wave, and the distance of l i can be calculated using equation (8). Accordingly, the distance between the object and the object PD is determined using L o = (L-l i )/2.…”

“…These systems have wide applications in various fields, including precision component inspection, automated assembly, robot navigation, autonomous vehicles, and satellite mapping. Optical ranging can be realized using various techniques, including time-of-flight (ToF), active triangulation, structured light, and holographic interferometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Depending on the application, each technique has unique advantages and disadvantages, which are determined by various factors, such as measurement range, precision, acquisition time, safety, and cost.…”