Flexible organic electrochemical transistors for chemical and biological sensing

Wang, Li; Yue, Xiang-an; Sun, Qizeng; Zhang, Linrong; Ren, Guozhang; Lü, Gang; Yu, Hai‐Dong; Huang, Wei

doi:10.1007/s12274-021-3856-3

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…4−7 Integrating multiple functionalities in a single wearable sensor 8,9 has become mainstream recently because of its usefulness in practical sensing applications. 10,11 Employing wearable sensors, noninvasive detection of the components in body fluids such as sweat, 6,12 saliva, 13 tears, 5 and urine 14 can be realized to gain information on the possible illness and/or health state of human beings. For example, in body fluids, excessive chloride is an indicator of cystic fibrosis 15 and the pH level is a marker of metabolic alkalosis, 16 the concentration of cortisol reflects the psychological situation of depression and anxiety, 17,18 an abnormal concentration of glucose may indicate diabetes, 19−21 and an abnormal concentration of lactate may indicate a metabolic disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic diseases affect the health of a large number of people worldwide. , Early diagnosis and health monitoring are crucially important in reducing the number of patients and in improving the quality of life of patients . Because of their easy operation, low cost, and convenience, wearable sensors are playing one of the most important parts in early diagnosis and health monitoring, − particularly in recent years and the near future. − Integrating multiple functionalities in a single wearable sensor , has become mainstream recently because of its usefulness in practical sensing applications. , Employing wearable sensors, noninvasive detection of the components in body fluids such as sweat, , saliva, tears, and urine can be realized to gain information on the possible illness and/or health state of human beings. For example, in body fluids, excessive chloride is an indicator of cystic fibrosis and the pH level is a marker of metabolic alkalosis, the concentration of cortisol reflects the psychological situation of depression and anxiety, , an abnormal concentration of glucose may indicate diabetes, − and an abnormal concentration of lactate may indicate a metabolic disorder. , Therefore, integrating multiple sensing abilities for these ions and metabolites can help to monitor multiple illnesses and/or health states simultaneously. , …”

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confidence: 99%

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Simple, Skin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric Sweat Sensor

Yue

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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In situ analysis of sweat provides a simple, convenient, costeffective, and noninvasive approach for the early diagnosis of physical illness in humans and is particularly useful in family care. In this study, a flexible and skin-attachable colorimetric sweat sensor for multiplexed analysis is developed using a simple, cost-effective, and convenient method. The obtained sweat sensor can be used to simultaneously detect glucose, lactate, urea, and pH value in sweat, as well as sweat loss and skin temperature. Only 2.5 μL of sweat is enough for the whole test, and the sweat loss and chemical-sensing results can be read out conveniently by naked eyes or a smartphone. In addition, body temperature can also be detected with an additional electrical circuit. Our sweat sensor provides a new, cost-effective, and convenient approach for in vitro diagnosis of multiple components in sweat, and the easy fabrication and cost-effectiveness make our sensor commercializable in the near future.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Simple, Skin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric Sweat Sensor

Yue

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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“…[ 7 ] In OECT‐based sensing, the concentration of analyte can be obtained from the variation of the drain current. [ 8 ] Generally, an OECT with high transconductance possesses high sensitivity in sensing applications. [ 9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] In OECT-based sensing, the concentration of analyte can be obtained from the variation of the drain current. [8] Generally, an OECT with high transconductance possesses high sensitivity in sensing applications. [9] Boosting the transconductance locates in the center of the design and fabrication of OECT devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Ultrahigh Transconductance in Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Co‐Doping PEDOT:PSS with Ionic Liquid and Dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Wang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), especially the ones with high transconductance, are highly promising in sensitive detection of chemical and biological species. However, it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate OECTs with very high transconductance. Herein, an OECT with ultrahigh transconductance is reported by introducing ionic liquid and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA) simultaneously in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the semiconductive channel. Compared with the OECT based on pristine PEDOT:PSS, the OECT based on co-doped PEDOT:PSS demonstrates a significant enhancement of transconductance from 1.85 to 22.7 mS, because of the increase in volumetric capacitance and conductivity. The enhanced transconductance is attributed to the DBSA-facilitated phase separation between the ionic liquid and PEDOT:PSS, which helps to form conductive domains of ionic liquid in PEDOT:PSS matrix, and the partial dispersion of ionic liquid in the PEDOT:PSS phase. Furthermore, by using the interdigitated electrodes as the source and drain electrodes, an ultrahigh transconductance of 180 mS is obtained, which is superior to that of the state-of-the-art OECTs. Because of the ultrahigh transconductance, the obtained OECT demonstrates sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose, making it promising in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and environmental surveillance.

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“…Gate voltage allows for ion injection/extraction in/from the polymeric matrix, reversibly changing its redox state, thus its electrical conductivity. OECTs have been widely used as chemical sensing devices (analytes, biomarkers, molecules) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] since they allow for low power consumption, ease of functionalization and inherent signal amplification and filtering. In particular, our devices exploited PEDOT:PSS electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen when it was negatively polarized with respect to a reference electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Gas Sensing Using a Hydrogel-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Work Safety Applications

et al. 2022

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Oxygen depletion in confined spaces represents one of the most serious and underestimated dangers for workers. Despite the existence of several commercially available and widely used gas oxygen sensors, injuries and deaths from reduced oxygen levels are still more common than for other hazardous gases. Here, we present hydrogel-based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) made with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as wearable and real-time oxygen gas sensors. After comparing OECT performances using liquid and hydrogel electrolytes, we identified the best PEDOT:PSS active layer and hydrogel coating (30 µm) combination for sensing oxygen in the concentration range of 13–21% (v/v), critical for work safety applications. The fast O2 solubilization in the hydrogel allowed for gaseous oxygen transduction in an electrical signal thanks to the electrocatalytic activity of PEDOT:PSS, while OECT architecture amplified the response (gain ~ 104). OECTs proved to have comparable sensitivities if fabricated on glass and thin plastic substrates, (−12.2 ± 0.6) and (−15.4 ± 0.4) µA/dec, respectively, with low power consumption (<40 µW). Sample bending does not influence the device response, demonstrating that our real-time conformable and lightweight sensor could be implemented as a wearable, noninvasive safety tool for operators working in potentially hazardous confined spaces.

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Flexible organic electrochemical transistors for chemical and biological sensing

Cited by 40 publications

References 193 publications

Simple, Skin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric Sweat Sensor

Simple, Skin-Attachable, and Multifunctional Colorimetric Sweat Sensor

Realizing Ultrahigh Transconductance in Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Co‐Doping PEDOT:PSS with Ionic Liquid and Dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Oxygen Gas Sensing Using a Hydrogel-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Work Safety Applications

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