Flexible paper-based borohydride-vanadium fuel cell for powering micro-nanosystems

Pasala, Vasudevarao; Ramanujam, Kothandaraman

doi:10.1007/s11581-017-1987-z

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This fact increases the device complexity and reduces its integration capacity and overall energy efficiency . A smart way of overcoming this drawback has been assessed for micro‐scale fuel cells with capillary‐based microfluidics, which rely on paper and other porous matrices for fluid transport and thus eliminate the need for external pumps . Paper‐based microfluidic fuel cells have already demonstrated their feasibility with well‐known fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, or formic acid .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Organic Redox Flow Cell‐Inspired Paper‐Based Primary Battery

et al. 2020

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A portable paper‐based organic redox flow primary battery using sustainable quinone chemistry is presented. The compact prototype relies on the capillary forces of the paper matrix to develop a quasi‐steady flow of the reactants through a pair of porous carbon electrodes without the need of external pumps. Co‐laminar capillary flow allows operation Under mixed‐media conditions, in which an alkaline anolyte and an acidic catholyte are employed. This feature enables higher electrochemical cell voltages during discharge operation and the utilization of a wider range of available species and electrolytes and provides the advantage to form a neutral or near‐neutral pH as the electrolytes neutralize at the absorbent pad, which allows a safe disposal after use. The effects of the device design parameters have been studied to enhance battery features such as power output, operational time, and fuel utilization. The device achieves a faradaic efficiency of up to 98 %, which is the highest reported in a capillary‐based electrochemical power source, as well as a cell capacity of up to 11.4 Ah L−1 cm−2, comparable to state‐of‐the‐art large‐scale redox flow cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Organic Redox Flow Cell‐Inspired Paper‐Based Primary Battery

et al. 2020

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“…Low cost environmentally benign porous paper based fuel cells 1.3 0.57 0.77 [7] A membraneless single compartment abiotic glucose fuel cell 0.84 0.0162 0.032 [26] Paper-based membraneless hydrogen peroxide fuel cell prepared microfabrication 0.61 1 3.7 [11] Microfluidic fuel cells on paper: meeting the power needs of next generation lateral flow devices 0.52 4.4 22.5 [27] Flexible and high-performance paper-based biofuel cells using printed porous carbon electrodes 0.55 0.12 0.41 [28] Scale-up of manufacturing of printed enzyme electrodes for enzymatic power source applications 0.38 1.4 x 10 À 3 4.5 x 10 À 3 [29] Fabrication of flexible and disposable enzymatic biofuel cells 0.61 0.034 0.0105 [30] Small-size biofuel cell on paper 0.56 0.0135 0.041 [10] Microneedle-based selfpowered glucose sensor 0.37 2 10 [31] Performance of non-compartmentalized enzymatic biofuel cell based on bucky paper cathode and ferrocene-containing redox polymer anode 0.55 0.026 0.225 [32] Fabrication of biofuel cell containing enzyme catalyst immobilized by layerby-layer method 0.8 1.34 3.5 [33] Enzymatic biofuel cell with a flow-through toray paper bioanode for improved fuel utilization 0.75 0.146 0.45 [34] Flexible Paper Based Borohydride-Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micro-Nano Systems 2.1 4.47 5.87 [35] Paper based disposable zinc-vanadium fuel cell for micropower applications 2.5 9.4 12. 76 Present study 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57…”

Section: Supporting Information Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper‐Based Disposable Zinc‐Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micropower Applications

Pasala

Ramanujam

2019

ChemistrySelect

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The emergence properties of paper as the ionic conductor has driven the new development in energy generators mainly micro‐nano scale energy. Instead of the flow channels in conventional fuel cells, the capillary action of the paper controls the flow of the electrolytes. Paper based biofuel cells and electrochemical fuel cells are recent trends in micro‐nano power generation to support the biosensors. In this study, zinc fuel and VO2+4pt oxidant were used to form a membraneless fuel cell. Instead of membrane, Whatmann® 2 filter paper was used as the separator cum autonomous microfluidic pumping system. When 6 M KOH and 1.5 M VO2+ in 2.5 M H2SO4 were supplied on the anode and cathode respectively, a peak power density of 9.4 mW cm−2 at 1.21 V and open circuit voltage of ∼ 2.5 V were realized. Due to the low cost and high power associated with this system, it can be used to power the Lab‐on‐Chip devices employed for single use point‐of‐care applications.

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“…Lal et al presented an MPFC using different filter papers with two inlets, graphite sheet as electrode, formic acid as fuel, and potassium permanganate as an oxidant . Pasala and Ramanujam presented a similar device acting as an ion‐conducting medium with 6 mWcm −2 within 100 minutes . Dector et al demonstrated an MPFC for an HIV test kit using human blood and serum as fuel, which provided a power density of 0.16 mWcm −2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Pasala and Ramanujam presented a similar device acting as an ion-conducting medium with 6 mWcm −2 within 100 minutes. 13 Dector et al demonstrated an MPFC for an HIV test kit using human blood and serum as fuel, which provided a power density of 0.16 mWcm −2 . 14 All these studies indicate that the paperbased membraneless microfluidic fuel cell, with two inlets driven by colaminar flow and capillary mechanism, has become a significant research domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

et al. 2020

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Summary Miniaturization of devices, combined with other features such as portability, proneness to automation, rapid performance, amenability to integration, multiplexing, and cost‐effectiveness, is rapidly increasing for various sensing and energy harvesting applications. One such emerging area is the development of microfluidic fuel cell on cellulose papers, which has enormous scope to optimize its performance. This is primarily because such devices eliminate the need for membranes as well as external pumps since they have built‐in colaminar flow embedded capillaries. Such peripherals are usually used in conventional microfluidic fuel cells, which are fabricated using methods like photolithography, PDMS lithography, and 3D printing. This paper presents investigations on microfluidic paper–based fuel cells (MPFCs) with different cellulose absorbent pads for their performance optimization. Herein, the MPFC utilizes formic acid as fuel, oxygen from quiescent air as oxidant, and sulfuric acid as electrolyte for conducting ionic exchange under colaminar flow. The electrodes are realized through simple pencil strokes depositing a thin layer of graphite. The porous graphite electrodes act as diffusion agents breathing oxygen directly from the atmospheric air. Such an MPFC configuration, costing less than US $1, was optimized to achieve maximum energy density by examining various combinations of absorbent pads with different grades of cellulose papers. It is seen that the maximum open circuit potential is 0.46 V, while the maximum current and power densities are 1505.66 μAcm−2 and 173.97 μWcm−2, respectively, with a grade 6 absorbent pad. Such performance can be further enhanced by investigating MPFCs with various graphite pencils with a diverse number of strokes at different concentration levels.

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Flexible paper-based borohydride-vanadium fuel cell for powering micro-nanosystems

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

An Organic Redox Flow Cell‐Inspired Paper‐Based Primary Battery

An Organic Redox Flow Cell‐Inspired Paper‐Based Primary Battery

Paper‐Based Disposable Zinc‐Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micropower Applications

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

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