Flexible polyurethane foams green production employing lignin or oxypropylated lignin

Bernardini, J.; Cinelli, Patrizia; Anguillesi, Irene; Coltelli, Maria‐Beatrice; Lazzeri, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.039

Cited by 163 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is associated to the soft segment and depends on its structure and three-dimensional arrangement [33]. The third one is above 380°C and is also related to other remaining structures formed after the second decomposition, diisocyanate and lignin aromatic rings [1,25,34]. Figure 6 shows the TGA and derivative curves of PU-CO, PU-MCO1 and PU-MCO2, respectively.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

Tavares¹,

Boas²,

Schleder³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

117

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Abstract. Current challenges highlight the need for polymer research using renewable natural sources as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. The use of polyols obtained from renewable sources combined with the reuse of industrial residues such as lignin is an important agent in this process. Different compositions of polyurethane-type materials were prepared by combining technical Kraft lignin (TKL) with castor oil (CO) or modified castor oil (MCO1 and MCO2) to increase their reactivity towards diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The results indicate that lignin increases the glass transition temperature, the crosslinking density and improves the ultimate stress especially for those prepared from MCO2 and 30% lignin content from 8.2 MPa (lignin free) to 23.5 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of rupture surface after uniaxial tensile tests show ductile-to-brittle transition. The results show the possibility to develop polyurethane-type materials, varying technical grade Kraft lignin content, which cover a wide range of mechanical properties (from large elastic/low Young modulus to brittle/high Young modulus polyurethanes).

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1]. The use of renewable raw materials can significantly contribute to sustainable development due to degradability and low toxicity of the resulting products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based polyurethane prepared from Kraft lignin and modified castor oil

Tavares¹,

Boas²,

Schleder³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

117

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“…The hydroxyl number of liquefied lignin formulation was determined as previously described (Bernardini et al 2015b) and expressed in mg KOH/g. The amount of isocyanate required for the reaction was calculated using Eq.…”

Section: Determination Of the Hydroxyl Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Arundo donax L. Hydrolysis Residue for the Green Synthesis of Flexible Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2017

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Flexible polyurethane foams were prepared from solid waste residue derived from the hydrothermal acid treatment of the Arundo donax L. herbaceous biomass, which produced a very high yield of levulinic acid. An innovative, sustainable, and green liquefaction route was adopted to produce lignin-based flexible polyurethane foams by partially replacing fossil-fuel source polyols with an abundant and renewable hydroxyl source, the Arundo donax L. "lignin-like" residue. Lignin liquefaction was performed in polyolic solvents using microwave irradiation, saving time and energy while ensuring a more sustainable and green approach. Foam production was performed with controlled expansion using the "one-shot" technique. Water was adopted as the only blowing agent, and the isocyanate index (NCO/OH) was kept to less than 100, which reduced the cross-linking degree of the desired foam and increased its flexibility. About 7 wt.% of the conventional petrochemical polyether polyol was replaced with the Arundo donax L. hydrolysis residue. The chemical and mechanical properties of the synthesized foams were compared with those obtained by using a pure technical soda lignin, ProtoBind 1000. The results were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties, thus closing the biorefinery cycle of Arundo donax L. exploitation.

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“…It is an indicator of the lignin reactivity [5] and by determining the hydroxyl content of different lignin samples, it is possible to compare them in terms of their relative -OH group content and reactivity. The hydroxyl groups give lignin its potential to be utilized in a variety of technical applications, such as thermosets [6], rubbers [7], polymer blends [8] and composites (including thermoplastic composites) [9], polyurethane foams [10], and dispersants [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%