Flexible Polyurethane Foams Modified with Novel Coconut Monoglycerides-Based Polyester Polyols
Christine Joy M. Omisol,
Blessy Joy M. Aguinid,
Gerson Y. Abilay
et al.
Abstract:Coconut oil, a low-molecular-weight vegetable oil, is virtually unutilized as a polyol material for flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) production due to the high-molecular-weight polyol requirement of FPUFs. The saturated chemistry of coconut oil also limits its compatibility with widely used polyol-forming processes, which mostly rely on the unsaturation of vegetable oil for functionalization. Existing studies have only exploited this resource in producing low-molecular-weight polyols for rigid foam synthesis.… Show more
“…These peaks have conspicuously augmented peaks for NSF, indicative of the successful incorporation of the ester- and phenyl-rich coconut oil-based polyol in PU structure. Similarly, the stretching vibration band of C–N at 1537 cm −1 on the spectrum of NSF also has an increased intensity than the peak on the control at 1539 cm −1 owing to the higher OH number of the coconut oil-based polyol, thus forming more urethane linkages 21 . Figure 1 FTIR spectra comparison of a pristine petroleum-based polyurethane foam (control) against the synthesized natural superoleophilic foam (NSF).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…It can be observed that both TG and DTG thermographs of the foam samples reveal a similar thermal behavior with three distinct degradation peaks. The first stage of degradation is observed to occur at around 274 °C for the control PU foam and 278 °C for NSF, owing to the decomposition of urethane linkages 21 , 26 , 27 . A striking difference in the foams’ thermal stability can be observed at the second stage of decomposition, assigned to the degradation of soft segments 28 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A pre-determined amount of coconut oil, glycerol, and CaO was stirred continuously in a closed Parr reactor at 250 °C for 90 min to break down coconut triglycerides and produce monoglycerides. The resulting product was allowed to cool down before subjecting to the second step that was employed in a previous study 21 to produce a coconut oil-based polyol.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present study, a bio-based polyol derived from coconut oil was used to synthesize a highly recyclable novel naturally superoleophilic foam (NSF) with inherent hydrophobic properties. The predominantly saturated nature of coconut oil 20 and the recent development in its suitability for PUF synthesis 21 motivated the notion of exploring the latent qualities of coconut oil-based PUF as an oil sorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pycnometer, and universal testing machine (UTM) were used to characterize the functional, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of NSF, respectively.…”
Absorption methods using polyurethane foams (PUFs) have recently gained popularity in treating oil spills. However, conventional petroleum-based PUFs lack selectivity and are commonly surface-modified using complicated processes that require toxic and harmful solvents to enhance their hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacities. In this paper, a novel naturally superoleophilic foam with inherent hydrophobic properties has been developed through the conventional one-shot foaming method with the integration of coconut oil-based polyol. This bio-based polyol was explicitly handpicked as it is chiefly saturated, highly abundant, and inexpensive. The foam is characterized by an oil sorption capacity range of 14.89–24.65 g g−1 for different types of oil, equivalent to 578–871 times its weight. Its hydrophobic behavior is expressed through a water contact angle of ~ 139°. The foam also showcased excellent chemical stability and high recyclability without a significant loss in absorption capacity after 20 cycles. The incorporation of the coconut oil-based polyol is also shown to improve the morphological, mechanical, and thermal behavior of the foam. It can be inferred from these findings that this novel material holds great potential for revolutionizing sorbents, pioneering a more sustainable and eco-friendly functional material produced via a facile method.
“…These peaks have conspicuously augmented peaks for NSF, indicative of the successful incorporation of the ester- and phenyl-rich coconut oil-based polyol in PU structure. Similarly, the stretching vibration band of C–N at 1537 cm −1 on the spectrum of NSF also has an increased intensity than the peak on the control at 1539 cm −1 owing to the higher OH number of the coconut oil-based polyol, thus forming more urethane linkages 21 . Figure 1 FTIR spectra comparison of a pristine petroleum-based polyurethane foam (control) against the synthesized natural superoleophilic foam (NSF).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…It can be observed that both TG and DTG thermographs of the foam samples reveal a similar thermal behavior with three distinct degradation peaks. The first stage of degradation is observed to occur at around 274 °C for the control PU foam and 278 °C for NSF, owing to the decomposition of urethane linkages 21 , 26 , 27 . A striking difference in the foams’ thermal stability can be observed at the second stage of decomposition, assigned to the degradation of soft segments 28 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A pre-determined amount of coconut oil, glycerol, and CaO was stirred continuously in a closed Parr reactor at 250 °C for 90 min to break down coconut triglycerides and produce monoglycerides. The resulting product was allowed to cool down before subjecting to the second step that was employed in a previous study 21 to produce a coconut oil-based polyol.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present study, a bio-based polyol derived from coconut oil was used to synthesize a highly recyclable novel naturally superoleophilic foam (NSF) with inherent hydrophobic properties. The predominantly saturated nature of coconut oil 20 and the recent development in its suitability for PUF synthesis 21 motivated the notion of exploring the latent qualities of coconut oil-based PUF as an oil sorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pycnometer, and universal testing machine (UTM) were used to characterize the functional, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of NSF, respectively.…”
Absorption methods using polyurethane foams (PUFs) have recently gained popularity in treating oil spills. However, conventional petroleum-based PUFs lack selectivity and are commonly surface-modified using complicated processes that require toxic and harmful solvents to enhance their hydrophobicity and oil sorption capacities. In this paper, a novel naturally superoleophilic foam with inherent hydrophobic properties has been developed through the conventional one-shot foaming method with the integration of coconut oil-based polyol. This bio-based polyol was explicitly handpicked as it is chiefly saturated, highly abundant, and inexpensive. The foam is characterized by an oil sorption capacity range of 14.89–24.65 g g−1 for different types of oil, equivalent to 578–871 times its weight. Its hydrophobic behavior is expressed through a water contact angle of ~ 139°. The foam also showcased excellent chemical stability and high recyclability without a significant loss in absorption capacity after 20 cycles. The incorporation of the coconut oil-based polyol is also shown to improve the morphological, mechanical, and thermal behavior of the foam. It can be inferred from these findings that this novel material holds great potential for revolutionizing sorbents, pioneering a more sustainable and eco-friendly functional material produced via a facile method.
“…17 This comparison indicates the importance of coconut oil, highlighting its role as a valuable resource material with the capacity to support various applications, such as polyurethane formulations. Moreover, this recognition lays the groundwork for future research into utilizing coconut oil derivatives, such as coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD), 18 coconut monoglyceride (CMG), 19 or cooking oil wastes, 20 highlighting the importance of exploring coconut oil-based polyols for the production of high-quality rigid foams.…”
The utilization of coconut diethanolamide (p-CDEA) as a substitute polyol for petroleum-based polyol in fully biobased rigid polyurethane-urea foam (RPUAF) faces challenges due to its short chain and limited cross-linking capability. This leads to compromised cell wall resistance during foam expansion, resulting in significant ruptured cells and adverse effects on mechanical and thermal properties. To address this, a novel sequential amidation-prepolymerization route was employed on coconut oil, yielding a hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane-urea) prepolymer polyol (COPUAP). Compared to p-CDEA, COPUAP exhibited a decreased hydroxyl value (496.3−473.2 mg KOH/g), an increase in amine value (13.464−24.561 mg KOH/g), and an increase in viscosity (472.4−755.8 mPa•s), indicating enhanced functionality of 34.3 mgKOH/g and chain lengthening. Further, COPUAP was utilized as the sole B-side polyol in the production of RPUAF (PU-COPUAP). The improved functionality of COPUAP and its improved cross-linking capability during foaming have significantly improved cell morphology, resulting in a remarkable 4.7-fold increase in compressive strength (132−628 kPa), a 3.5-fold increase in flexural strength (232−828 kPa), and improved insulation properties with a notable decrease in thermal conductivity (48.02−34.52 mW/m•K) compared to PU-CDEA in the literature. Additionally, PU-COPUAP exhibited a 16.5% increase in the water contact angle (114.93°to 133.87°), attributing to the formation of hydrophobic biuret segments and a tightly packed, highly cross-linked structure inhibiting water penetration. This innovative approach sets a new benchmark for fully biobased rigid foam production, delivering high load-bearing capacity, exceptional insulation, and significantly improved hydrophobicity.
This study explored the feasibility of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)‐based Bio‐Polyurethane (Bio‐PU) as an eco‐friendly alternative to petroleum‐derived polyols in plywood adhesives. The objective is to evaluate the impact of varied WCO concentrations and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) levels on Bio‐PU and plywood performance. The Bio‐PU's characteristics, rheology, and functional groups are studied. Plywood made from three layers of 100 mm x 100 mm × 2 mm rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneer is bonded with Bio‐PU using a dual spread approach at 180 g.m−2, hot pressed at 120 °C and 1 MPa for 4 min. The laboratory‐fabricated plywood is tested for physical, mechanical, and adhesive properties. Results showed that Bio‐PU exhibited unique adhesive characteristics, with excellent adhesive strength, despite a slight decrease with higher WCO concentrations. WCO insertion do not compromise delamination resistance. FTIR analysis confirmed successful polyurethane chain synthesis. This research highlighted the potential of WCO‐based Bio‐PU's as a sustainable, high‐performance plywood adhesive.
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