Superhydrophobic fabrics have great
application potential
in many
fields including wearable electronic devices, sports textiles, and
human health monitoring, but good water impalement resistance and
stretching stability are the prerequisites. Here, we report the design
of waterborne superhydrophobic fabrics with high impalement resistance
and stretching stability by constructing elastic reconfigurable micro-/micro-/nanostructures.
Following theoretical analysis, two approaches were proposed and employed:
(i) regulating distance between the microfibers of polyester fabrics
to decrease the solid–liquid contact area, and (ii) forming
reconfigurable two-tier hierarchical micro-/nanostructures on the
microfibers by stretching during dipping to further decrease the solid–liquid
contact area. The effects of microfiber distance and micro-/nanostructures
on microfibers on superhydrophobicity and impalement resistance were
studied. The superhydrophobic fabrics show excellent impalement resistance
as verified by high-speed water impact, water jetting, and rainfall,
etc. The fabrics also show excellent stretching stability, as 100%
stretching and 1000 cycles of cyclic 100% stretching–releasing
have no obvious influence on superhydrophobicity. Additionally, the
fabrics show good antifouling property, self-cleaning performance,
as well as high abrasion and washing stability. The experimental results
agree with the theoretical simulation very well. We anticipate that
this study will boost the development of impalement-resistant and
stretching-stable superhydrophobic surfaces.