Flexible transparent Ag nanowire/UV-curable resin heaters with ultra-flexibility, high transparency, quick thermal response, and mechanical reliability

Improved Stability of Copper Nanowires with Solution-Grown NiO Shells as Protective Coating

“…Figure a shows the variation in sheet resistance of Cu NW@NiO (sheet resistance: 14.5 Ω/sq), Cu NW networks (sheet resistance: 16.7 Ω/sq), and ITO film (sheet resistance: 20 Ω/sq) on PET with the change of bending. The bending strain (ε) can be calculated using the following equation ε = d 2 r where r is the curvature radius and d is the thickness of the sample (the thickness is 125 μm for all of the samples). The bending strains with different curvature radius are shown in the inset of Figure a.…”

“…However, ITO is not suitable for applications in flexible electronics due to its brittle nature and high cost, which is caused by the low reserve of indium and the complex preparation process . These drawbacks have prompted attempts to develop new alternatives to ITO, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanowires. − The poor conductivity and low transmittance of carbon-based materials limit the application in high-performance flexible devices . Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have good optoelectronic properties, flexibility, and chemical stability. , And, the Ag NW has actually been expanding its application field to various energy device fields, including energy devices, biosensors, , VR applications, and transparent air filters. , Moreover, transparent Ag NW conductors have been demonstrated for various applications. − However, silver, like indium, has the disadvantage of limited resources and high cost as a precious metal, which has to be considered when carrying out mass production of flexible electronic devices.…”

Ultrahigh-Temperature-Tolerant NiO@Ag NW-Based Transparent Heater with High Stability, Durability, Ultraflexibility, and Quick Thermal Response

“…The initial decrease can be explained by the fact that cross-junctions between NWs are fused together during the thermal process, , thus reducing the junction resistance and decreasing the resistance. However, for annealing temperature, Plateau–Rayleigh instability causes the coalescence of Ag NWs, leading to a decrease in the sheet resistance of the Ag NW networks. , However, the resistance of cPI-NiO@Ag NWs is independent of annealing temperature (25–300 °C). The glass transition temperature of our cPI is ∼310 °C, and the maximum annealing temperature of cPI-NiO@Ag NWs is controlled at 300 °C.…”

“…Recently, some effects have been performed via using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, or metal nanowires (NWs) ,− for preparing flexible transparent heaters (FTHs). Carbon-based FTHs possess excellent thermal conductivity and flexibility. , Unfortunately, CNTs and graphene are usually fabricated by chemical vapor deposition, and expensive equipment and a complex preparation process increase their preparation cost. , Moreover, the unsatisfactory conductivity of these carbon-based materials requires either high voltage or low transparency, or both, for achieving good heating performance. , Metal NWs (Cu NWs and Ag NWs) have been utilized to develop the FTHs due to their low resistance, high transmittance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. ,, One of the most notable progresses in the FTHs from metal nanowires is stretchable transparent heaters, which further broaden the application range of the FTHs. − Compared with Cu NW-based FTHs, Ag NW-based FTHs exhibit better optical and heating performances.…”

“…Recently, some effects have been performed via using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, or metal nanowires (NWs) ,− for preparing flexible transparent heaters (FTHs). Carbon-based FTHs possess excellent thermal conductivity and flexibility. , Unfortunately, CNTs and graphene are usually fabricated by chemical vapor deposition, and expensive equipment and a complex preparation process increase their preparation cost. , Moreover, the unsatisfactory conductivity of these carbon-based materials requires either high voltage or low transparency, or both, for achieving good heating performance. , Metal NWs (Cu NWs and Ag NWs) have been utilized to develop the FTHs due to their low resistance, high transmittance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. ,, One of the most notable progresses in the FTHs from metal nanowires is stretchable transparent heaters, which further broaden the application range of the FTHs. − Compared with Cu NW-based FTHs, Ag NW-based FTHs exhibit better optical and heating performances. In addition, Cu NWs have great advantages in terms of cost, but the oxidation problem deteriorates the stability at high temperatures, while Ag NWs have a bit better oxidation stability; thus, Ag NW-based FTHs are attracting greater attention as FTHs. , Due to these advantages, Ag NWs have been applied in various energy device fields including flexible fuel cells, − stretchable and transparent supercapacitors, , transparent sensors, − transparent wearable electronics, , and air filters. , However, the dissatisfactory stabilities of Ag NWs including Rayleigh instability, chemical instability, oxidizability in an ambient atmosphere, and delamination phenomenon under mechanical tests limit the practical applications in FTHs. − …”