Flexible working memory representation of the relationship between an object and its location as revealed by interactions with attention

Sala, Joseph B.; Courtney, Susan

doi:10.3758/app.71.7.1525

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The reported results are related to a different line of research investigating attentional biasing effects of VWM contents in dual task studies (Gao et al, 2016;Olivers, Meijer, & Theeuwes, 2006;Sala & Courtney, 2009;Soto & Humphreys, 2009). In this line of research, a first task requires to store items in VWM for later use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, object-based biasing was not found in all dual-task studies (Olivers et al, 2006;Sala & Courtney, 2009). In Experiment 4 of Olivers et al (2006), participants had to remember either the shape or the color of a colored shape for later recognition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding was interpreted as evidence for involuntary top-down control by VWM content. However, attentional biasing by VWM content during interim search tasks is not always observed (Downing & Dodds, 2004;Han & Kim, 2009;Olivers et al, 2006;Sala & Courtney, 2009;Woodman & Luck, 2007). In some investigations, a VWM-matching distractor could even be more efficiently ignored than distractors that did not match the VWM content (Han & Kim, 2009;Woodman & Luck, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, the dual-task line of research on VWM and attention can provide first insights into this question. Among these dual-task studies on VWM and attention, a few studies asked whether all or only relevant features of a VWM item bias attention (Gao et al, 2016;Olivers et al, 2006;Sala & Courtney, 2009;Soto & Humphreys, 2009). Participants in Gao et al (2016) were asked to memorize the color of a colored shape for later recall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner

Foerster

Schneider

2018

Cognition

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Many everyday tasks involve successive visual-search episodes with changing targets. Converging evidence suggests that these targets are retained in visual working memory (VWM) and bias attention from there. It is unknown whether all or only searchrelevant features of a VWM template bias attention during search. Bias signals might be configured exclusively to task-relevant features so that only search-relevant features bias attention. Alternatively, VWM might maintain objects in the form of bound features. Then, all template features will bias attention in an object-based manner, so that biasing effects are ranked by feature relevance. Here, we investigated whether search-irrelevant VWM template features bias attention. Participants had to saccade to a target opposite a distractor. A colored cue depicted the target prior to each search trial. The target was predefined only by its identity, while its color was irrelevant. When target and cue matched not only in identity (search-relevant) but also in color (search-irrelevant), saccades went more often and faster directly to the target than without any color match (Experiment 1). When introducing a cuedistractor color match (Experiment 2), direct target saccades were most likely when target and cue matched in the search-irrelevant color and least likely in case of a cue-distractor color match. When cue and target were never colored the same (Experiment 3), cue-colored distractors still captured the eyes more often than different-colored distractors despite color being search-irrelevant. As participants were informed about the misleading color, the result argues against a strategical and voluntary usage of color. Instead, search-irrelevant features biased attention obligatorily arguing for involuntary top-down control by object-based VWM templates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner

Foerster

Schneider

2018

Cognition

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“…In normal brain, correct performance in cognitive tasks implicate high levels of alertness and attention [Sala and Courtney, 2009], both dependent on the occurrence of fast EEG rhythms [Steriade, 2000[Steriade, , 2006. EEG architecture shows great similarities across species.…”

Section: Eeg and Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Basis of Object Recognition

Marra¹,

Rotiroti²,

Rispoli³

2012

Advances in Object Recognition Systems

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Neural correlates of audio‐visual object recognition: Effects of implicit spatial congruency

Plank

Rosengarth

Song

et al. 2011

Human Brain Mapping

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Multisensory integration assists us to identify objects by providing multiple cues with respect to object category and spatial location. We used a semantic audiovisual object matching task to determine the effect of spatial congruency on response behavior and fMRI brain activation. Fifteen subjects responded in a four-alternative response paradigm, which visual quadrant contained the object best matched to the sound presented. Realistic sounds based on head-related transfer functions were presented binaurally with the simulated sound source corresponding to one of the four quadrants. Following a random sequence, the location of the sound corresponded to the quadrant containing the semantically congruent target on half the trials, whereas on other trials the sound arose from an incongruent location. We examined the effects of spatial congruency on response latencies, hit-rates and fMRI responses. Preliminary behavioral results revealed a significant effect of spatial congruency on response latency or performance for stimuli with noise added. In the fMRI experiment, spatial congruency had a significant effect on the BOLD response. A cluster in the right middle and superior temporal gyrus was more activated when the auditory sound sources were spatially congruent with the semantically matching visual stimulus. In an exploratory post-hoc analysis, in which we correlated the BOLD signal with the subjects' ability to locate the sound sources, we found a significant cluster in the left inferior frontal cortex, where the BOLD response increased with sound-source localization performance. Thus spatial congruency appears to enhance the semantic integration of audiovisual object information in these brain regions.

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Flexible working memory representation of the relationship between an object and its location as revealed by interactions with attention

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner

Involuntary top-down control by search-irrelevant features: Visual working memory biases attention in an object-based manner

Neural Basis of Object Recognition

Neural correlates of audio‐visual object recognition: Effects of implicit spatial congruency

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