Flexistipes sinusarabici, a novel genus and species of eubacteria occurring in the Atlantis II Deep brines of the Red Sea

Fiala, Gerhard; Woese, Carl R.; Langworthy, Thomas A.; Stetter, Karl O.

doi:10.1007/bf00423320

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Four genera, each containing small numbers of species, are described in the Deferribacteraceae, Flexistipes (Fiala et al, 1990), Geovibrio (Caccavo et al, 1996), Deferribacter (Greene et al, 1997) and Denitrovibrio (Myhr & Torsvik, 2000). The level of sequence similarity between our sequences described above and other bacteria in this group (80-85 %) did not support a generic classification.…”

Section: S Rrna Gene Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

Mucispirillum schaedleri gen. nov., sp. nov., a spiral-shaped bacterium colonizing the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rodents

Robertson

O’Rourke

Neilan

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

152

100

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The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is covered by a layer of mucus that can harbour a range of bacterial species specifically adapted to colonize this ecological niche. Examination of 110 bacterial isolates cultivated from the gastrointestinal tract of 23 mice revealed the presence of a subgroup of 30 isolates that did not correspond genetically with genera commonly associated with this site, i.e. members of the e-Proteobacteria such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter species. Instead this group of isolates was found to lie within the phylum Deferribacteres, a completely distinct lineage in the domain Bacteria. There was a high level of consensus in results obtained from the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a number of the isolates, which showed they were distinct from other members of the Deferribacteres. As such, they are proposed to constitute a new genus and species, Mucispirillum schaedleri gen. nov., sp. nov. These organisms are anaerobic, Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rods with bipolar flagella. The type strain is HRI I17T (=ATCC BAA-1009 T =ACM 5223 T ). INTRODUCTIONThe layer of mucus that lines the mammalian gastrointestinal tract (GT) represents a complex ecological niche (Lee, 1980). We have previously hypothesized that bacteria capable of colonizing this site possess specialized characteristics, such as spiral morphology and motility, which give them a selective advantage over other bacterial types in viscous environments and that spiral bacteria have coevolved with their mammalian hosts (Lee, 1985). For example, the mucus lining of the GT of rodents harbours large and often diverse populations of spiral bacteria, many of which have been found to be members of the genera Helicobacter and Campylobacter (Davis et al., 1972;Erlandsen & Chase, 1972;Gordon & Dubos, 1970;Lee et al., 1968;Phillips et al., 1978;Savage & Blumershine, 1974).Recently, a major emphasis of research into GT disease has focused on the role such bacteria, specifically the spiralshaped Helicobacter species, play in the disease processes. In addition to Helicobacter pylori being shown to be a causative agent in gastric disease, there is now accumulating evidence that many other Helicobacter species may be implicated in other gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases, including enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), typhlitis, hepatitis and hepatic neoplasia (Fox, 2002;O'Rourke et al., 2001;Schauer, 2001). GT research relies on the mouse as an important animal model for studies on pathogenicity and underpins much of the current research on anti-Helicobacter vaccine development. However, our knowledge of the identity of the many spiral-shaped bacteria that are capable of colonizing the mammalian GT is limited and should not be restricted to Helicobacter species. Therefore, it has become a priority to determine the identity of spiral bacteria naturally occurring in laboratory rodents. Although many Helicobacter species have been identified in laboratory mice and rats (Fox et al., 1994(Fox et al., , 1995Lee et al., 1992...

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Section: S Rrna Gene Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

Mucispirillum schaedleri gen. nov., sp. nov., a spiral-shaped bacterium colonizing the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rodents

Robertson

O’Rourke

Neilan

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

152

100

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“…Even under optimal culture conditions F. sinusarabici grows poorly, not even producing visible turbidity (Fiala et al 1990). Thus, it was not possible to obtain sufficient biomass to evaluate the conductivity of its pili directly.…”

Section: E-pili From the Geobacter-like Pilin Of Flexistipes Sinusaramentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Conductive Pili from Pilin Genes of Phylogenetically Diverse Microorganisms

Walker

Adhikari

Holmes

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The possibility that bacteria other than Geobacter species might contain genes for electrically conductive pili (e-pili) was investigated by heterologously expressing pilin genes of interest in Geobacter sulfurreducens. Strains of G. sulfurreducens producing high current densities, which are only possible with e-pili, were obtained with pilin genes from Flexistipes sinusarabici, Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens, and Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus. The conductance of pili from these strains was comparable to native G. sulfurreducens e-pili. The e-pili derived from C. nitroreducens, and D. alkaliphilus pilin genes are the first examples of relatively long (> 100 amino acids) pilin monomers assembling into e-pili. The pilin gene from Desulfofervidus auxilii did not yield e-pili, suggesting that the hypothesis that this sulfate reducer wires itself to ANME-1 microbes with e-pili to promote anaerobic methane oxidation should be reevaluated. A high density of aromatic amino acids and a lack of substantial aromatic-free gaps along the length of long pilins may be important characteristics leading to e-pili. This study demonstrates a simple method to screen pilin genes from difficult-to-culture microorganisms for their potential to yield e-pili; reveals new potential sources for biologically based electronic materials; and suggests that a wide phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms may employ e-pili for extracellular electron exchange.

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“…When described, Synergistes jonesii was not related to any characterized bacteria, but this initial analysis was compromised by insufficient 16S rRNA gene sequences being available for outgrouping. At the same time, the moderate thermophile Flexistipes sinusarabici was described in the domain Bacteria but no relationship to any known phylum was detected (Fiala et al, 1990). Later, the metalreducing genera Geovibrio (Caccavo et al, 1996) and Deferribacter (Greene et al, 1997), as well as the nitratereducing bacteria of the genus Denitrovibrio (Myhr & Torsvik, 2000), were grouped together with Flexistipes sinusarabici, to form a separate clade in Bacteria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'

Jumas‐Bilak

Roudière

Marchandin

2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

183

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Flexistipes sinusarabici, a novel genus and species of eubacteria occurring in the Atlantis II Deep brines of the Red Sea

Cited by 78 publications

References 32 publications

Mucispirillum schaedleri gen. nov., sp. nov., a spiral-shaped bacterium colonizing the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rodents

Mucispirillum schaedleri gen. nov., sp. nov., a spiral-shaped bacterium colonizing the mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rodents

Electrically Conductive Pili from Pilin Genes of Phylogenetically Diverse Microorganisms

Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'

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