Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus

Nathan, H; Gloobe, H; Yosipovitch, Z

doi:10.1097/00003086-197511000-00024

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…There have been two reports 6,12 in English on TTS caused by an anomalous muscle located in the medial aspect of ankle, though it is occasionally present in cadaveric studies. 2,11,14 The incidence of accessory soleus muscle varied from 0.7 to 5.5%, and that of accessory flexor digitorum longus from 3.9 to 12%, respectively. In these two reports, the methods of treatment were different and the results were varied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with an Accessory Muscle

Koshi¹,

Okuda²,

Morikawa³

et al. 2003

Foot Ankle Int.

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Between 1986 and 1999, we surgically treated 41 patients (49 feet) with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) in whom seven (eight feet) were associated with an accessory muscle. An accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle was present in six patients, and an accessory soleus muscle was in one patient (both feet). Three of them were males and four females, with the mean age of 33.1 years (12 to 59 years). The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to operation was 7.5 months (range, six to nine months). All patients with an accessory muscle had a history of trauma or strenuous sporting activity. The diagnosis of TTS was made based on physical findings in all the patients (eight feet) and confirmed in five patients (six feet) by electrophysiological examination. Imaging examinations (radiography, ultrasonography, MRI) revealed abnormal bone and soft tissue lesions in and around the tarsal tunnel. Preoperative signs and symptoms disappeared average 4.1 months after decompression of the tibial nerve in addition to excision of the muscle. No functional deficit was observed at final follow-up (24 to 88 months).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with an Accessory Muscle

Koshi¹,

Okuda²,

Morikawa³

et al. 2003

Foot Ankle Int.

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“…Etiologies have included tumors and masses, metabolic abnormalities, trauma, ankle or foot deformities, and idiopathic cases. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]20,23,26,30,31,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][47][48][49][53][54][55][56][60][61][62][63][64] One large series reported most cases to be caused by a spaceoccupying lesion, many related to tarsal coalition. 62 The diagnosis of TIS is often not made initially and treatment can be difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis, Surgical Technique, and Functional Outcome

Bailie¹,

Kelikian

1998

Foot Ankle Int.

107

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During a 10-year period, 47 patients underwent surgical management for tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Of these, 34 (36 feet) were available for complete retrospective analysis by record review, questionnaire, and physical examination. An additional 10 patients were evaluated by record review alone. The mean age was 38 years (range, 12-65 years). Overall, average follow-up was 35 months (range, 15-102 months). All patients had nonsurgical care for an average of 16 months before surgery (range, 1-72 months). The symptom triad of pain, paresthesias, and numbness was the most common clinical presentation. All had a positive Tinel's sign and nerve compression test (NCT) at the tarsal tunnel. Electrodiagnostic studies were abnormal in 38 feet (81%). Two-point discrimination was diminished significantly by an average of 6.7 mm. At a follow-up examination two-point discrimination improved by an average of 3.8 mm (P < 0.001). Eighteen feet continued to have a positive Tinel's sign and had a residual NCT. Subjectively, patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome in 72% of the cases. Postoperative improvement in the median Symptom Severity Score and the Functional Foot Score reflected this satisfaction. The perioperative complication rate was 30%. We conclude that the diagnosis of TTS is made primarily on history and clinical evaluation with electrodiagnostic studies supporting the diagnosis in 81%. Surgical treatment is warranted after nonsurgical management has failed. Division of the deep portion of the abductor hallucis fascia is important to ensure a complete release.

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“…[31][32][33] FHL tenosynovitis is typically ascribed to the female ballet dancers 22,34,35 ; however, it can be seen in patients with os trigonum syndrome; forceful plantarflexion activities such as soccer, downhill running, swimming, ice skating, and gymnastics; and flexor digitorum accessorius longus. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] It is a part of the os trigonum or posterior ankle impingement syndrome. 31 …”

Section: Flexor Hallucis Longusmentioning

confidence: 99%