Flexor Tendon Tissue Engineering: Acellularization of Human Flexor Tendons with Preservation of Biomechanical Properties and Biocompatibility

Abstract

Human flexor tendons were acellularized with 0.1% SDS in 0.1% EDTA for 24 h with preservation of mechanical properties. Preservation of collagen and glycoaminoglycans and re-seeding with human cells suggest that this scaffold is biocompatible. This will provide a promising scaffold for future human flexor tendon tissue engineering studies to further assess biocompatibility through cell proliferation and in vivo studies.

Human Flexor Tendon Tissue Engineering: Decellularization of Human Flexor Tendons Reduces Immunogenicity In Vivo

“…Group 2 constructs were treated in a solution of 0.1% EDTA and 0.1% SDS for 24 h at room temperature, followed by 6 h incubation in buffered 5% PAA. 3,5 Tendons were then washed with PBS for 24 h to remove and residual chemicals and stored at -70°C until use.…”

“…We have previously described a method to treat a cadaveric human flexor tendon with a detergent and chelating agent 3,4 to remove any antigenic debris, followed by an oxidation 5 step to increase porosity. We have subjected constructs to mechanical stimulation using a bioreactor [6][7][8][9] to improve strength and stiffness, and reseeded them with fibroblasts, tenocytes, and adipoderived stem cells.…”

“…Although our lab focuses on decellularization using a detergent, other options include deep freezing, freeze drying, irradiation, and chemical denaturing. 3,5,[28][29][30][31][32] We hypothesize that (1) our decellularization process, involving sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and our oxidization process utilizing peracetic acid (PAA), successfully removes all cellular debris, and most importantly, all major histocompatibility complexes. The result is an acellular tendon scaffold that is nonimmunogenic.…”

Studies in Flexor Tendon Reconstruction: Biomolecular Modulation of Tendon Repair and Tissue Engineering

“…71 We treated human flexor tendons with 0.1% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 4 hours followed by 24-hour treatments of 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% or 1% tri(n-butyl)phosphate, or 0.1% or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in 0.1% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. We reseeded acellularized tendons in a suspension of human dermal fibroblasts to test biocompatibility.…”

Three-Dimensional-Construct Bioreactor Conditioning in Human Tendon Tissue Engineering

“…10 Briefly, frozen tendon scaffolds were thawed to room temperature and treated with 0.1% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (in deioinized water) for 4 h followed by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in 0.1% EDTA for 24 h at room temperature with agitation. 10 Scaffolds were then washed in PBS for 4 h and stored at -70°C.…”