Flexural Performance of Steel Beams Strengthened by Fastened Hybrid FRP Strips Utilizing Staggered Steel Bolts

AbouEl-Hamd, Omnia R.; Sweedan, Amr M.I.; El-Ariss, Bilal

doi:10.3390/buildings12122150

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The recorded displacements were used to develop the load-deflection curves and the deflection profiles of the different configurations. More details about the experimental programs and the specimens' preparation can be found in [34].…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that the arrangement of the steel bolts was not incorporated in the empirical equations due to its negligible effect on the ultimate load of the strengthened beams, as discussed in Section 3.3. Similarly, the thickness of the HFRP was not integrated into the proposed equations due to its insignificant influence, as reported in [34]. Table 4 shows a comparison between the experimental and empirical ultimate loads, with a maximum difference of less than 2% with the exception of the U45D35 specimen, which had an error of 5.7%.…”

Section: Development Of Empirical Load-deflection Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the promising results reported at the joint level of the bolted FRP-steel system, few attempts have been conducted on full-scale beams [31][32][33][34]. The experimental behavior of steel beams strengthened by purely bolted FRP composites with different lengths was investigated experimentally [31,34]. The strengthened beams showed a ductile behavior characterized by excessive deflection, bearing in the FRP composites, and local buckling in the compression flanges of the beams, with up to 10.49% and 30.6% enhancements in the yield and ultimate loads, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical and numerical studies were also performed on bolted FRP-steel beams [32,33]. Detailed experimental and numerical analyses of the composite action at the interface of the bolted FRP-steel beams were conducted highlighting the remarkable efficiency of the FRP after steel yielding [32,34]. It is essential to emphasize that adopting the pure fastening technique eliminates the risks associated with the lengthy curing process and the surface preparation of the bonded FRPsteel system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

et al. 2023

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The strengthening of steel beams using hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers (HFRPs) has gained enormous attention over the last decades. Few researchers have investigated the effectiveness of the fastening techniques without a bonding agent to overcome the undesirable debonding failure of the bonded FRP–steel system. This paper reports the outcomes of experimental and numerical investigations conducted on steel beams strengthened by HFRP using steel bolts. Twenty-two steel beams were tested in four-point loading to investigate the effect of the HFRP length and the bolt arrangement on the flexural behavior of the strengthened systems. The observed failure modes, load-deflection relations, deflection profiles, and strain measurements were also studied. The tested beams showed a ductile behavior, with 15.1 and 22.2% enhancements in the yield and ultimate flexural capacities, respectively. Simplified empirical equations were developed to predict the ultimate load of the bolted HFRP–steel beams. ANSYS software was used to model the beams’ behavior and investigate the effects of the HFRP thickness, bolt spacing, steel grade, loading scheme, and beam length on the effectiveness of the adopted fastening technique. Increasing the HFRP length enhanced the utilization of HFRPs as well as the beam’s ductility, with a reduction of up to 51.2% in the mid-span deflection. Moreover, the strain compatibility of the HFRP–steel beams was improved with an 87.2% reduction in the interfacial slippage. The bolt arrangement showed an insignificant effect on the overall performance of the beams. The numerical results verified the effectiveness of the fastening technique in enhancing the flexural performance of the steel beams, with gains of up to 16.7% and 34.5% in the yield and ultimate load-carrying capacities, respectively.

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Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Empirical Load-deflection Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

et al. 2023

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Performance of FRP-Steel Joints and FRP-Steel Beams Fastened by FRP Anchors

AbouEl-Hamd¹,

Sweedan²,

El-Ariss³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference On Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering (ICCSTE 2023)

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This paper reports on the experimental results of utilizing anti-corrosive FRP anchors in FRP-steel joints and FRP-steel beams for strengthening purposes. The FRP anchors were introduced in replacement of the steel bolts typically used in the mechanical fastening methods of strengthening steel structures. FPR laminates were fastened to steel plates in a double-lap arrangement using 10 mm and 13 mm diameter FRP anchors without a bonding agent. The tested joints showed good bearing between the anchors and the fastened FRP laminates. FRP-steel joints fastened by the 10 mm diameter anchors experienced early shear fracture, risking the joints' ductility. Better ultimate load capacity, bearing and ductility were attained by utilizing the 13 mm anchors compared to the 10 mm anchors. The fastening technique was then implemented on full-scale steel beams by fastening the FRP laminates to the beams' bottom flange using the 13 mm FRP anchors. The flexural performance of the beams under two point loads was reported in view of the loaddeflection curves, observed failure modes and strain measurements. The strengthened beams showed good bearing between the anchors and the laminates before the fracture of the anchors occurred. The strengthened beams showed higher ultimate load capacity than the unstrengthened beams, opening the horizon for additional investigations on the utilization of FRP anchors in strengthening steel beams.

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On the Numerical Modelling of Steel Beams Strengthened by Purely Fastened FRP Sheets

AbouEl-Hamd¹,

Sweedan²,

El-Ariss³

et al. 2023

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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Strengthening of steel beams using fasteners was recently introduced by a few researchers to overcome the undesirable debonding failure of the adhesively bonded FRP-steel beams. This paper investigates numerically the performance of steel beams strengthened by FRP sheets anchored using steel fasteners without a bonding agent. Detailed numerical models of fastened FRP-steel beams were developed using ANSYS software and verified against published experimental results. The calculated error between the experimental and numerical ultimate loads ranged from 2.6 to 10.2% proving the accuracy of the developed model. The verified model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of applying the fastening technique in enhancing the load capacity of FRP-steel beams subjected to one-point and two-point loads while adopting various FRP thicknesses of 3.175, 6.35 and 12.7 mm. Ultimate load improvements of 7.8, 20.2 and 25.8% were obtained for beams subjected to one-point load and fastened by the 3.175, 6.35 and 12.7 mm thick FRP sheets, respectively. Meanwhile, beams subjected to two-point loads showed 18.7, 21.5 and 25.2% enhancements in the ultimate load for the three thicknesses, respectively. Increasing the thickness of the FRP sheet boosted the ultimate load of the fastened FRP-steel beam; however, the ductility of the system was reduced.

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Flexural Performance of Steel Beams Strengthened by Fastened Hybrid FRP Strips Utilizing Staggered Steel Bolts

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Steel Beams Strengthened by Bolted Hybrid FRP Composites

Performance of FRP-Steel Joints and FRP-Steel Beams Fastened by FRP Anchors

On the Numerical Modelling of Steel Beams Strengthened by Purely Fastened FRP Sheets

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