Flexural Properties of Heat-Treatment Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) Wood Impregnated by Boron and Methyl Metacrylate

Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the application of boron compounds, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and heat treatment (HT) on changes in the density, moisture content, and flexural properties of samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood. Samama wood was impregnated with borax (BX) and boric acid (BA) using a pressure method at 5 atm for 4 h. Afterwards, the wood was impregnated with MMA at the same pressure and duration. Finally, the samama wood was given HT at 90 ºC and 180 ºC. The results indicate that there was a weight gain of 93.4% in the wood impregnated using BA and MMA monomer and HT at 90 °C. Consequently, the wood's density increased by 82.3%. Increased MOE and MOR percentages of 32.2% and 29.4%, respectively, were also found. HT at 180 °C degraded the wood components and MMA, and consequently, the density, MOE, and MOR also decreased. The wood impregnated by BX, BA, and MMA, and subjected to HT also had decreased moisture content (MC). This research recommends that the application of boron (BX, BA) should be combined with an MMA monomer and HT at 90 °C as an alternative method to improve samama wood quality. If darker color is preferable, HT should be conducted at 180 °C.

Correlation analysis between mass loss of wood due to thermal modification and equilibrium moisture content of thermally modified wood

“…Thermal modification of wood is a process that involves chemically altering the main components of the cell wall by applying high temperatures to the wood, resulting in changes in various physical properties (Militz 2002;Park et al 2014). Since the early 2000s, many studies have been conducted on thermal modification of wood, mainly in Europe (Repellin and Guyonnet 2005;Esteves et al 2008;Yoon et al 2008;Yoon et al 2009;Park et al 2012;Park et al 2014;Cho et al 2015;Park et al 2015;Kim 2016;Park et al 2016;Chung et al 2017;Kang et al 2018;Kim et al 2018;Lee and Lee 2018;Kang et al 2019;Kim and Kim 2019;Cahyono et al 2020;Lee and Lee 2021;Schulz et al 2021). Thermal modification of wood is generally performed in a temperature range of 160 to 260 °C when wood undergoes changes where hemicellulose is decomposed and the structure of lignin is denatured.…”

Reliability of the Impregnated Boron Compounds, Citric Acid- and Heat-Treated Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) Wood against the Fungal and Termite Attacks

“…This means that Samama wood has low durability and needs protection or preservation against biodeterioration agents. Combination treatment of boron, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heating effectively increased dimensional stability, flexural strength and durability of Samama wood (Cahyono et al, 2020;Priadi et al, 2020). In addition, the dimensional stability of Samama wood also increased after being treated with boron, castor bean oil and heating (Priadi et al, 2021).…”

Mechanical properties of samama wood (Antocephalus macrophyllus) after boron and castor bean oil impregnation and heat treatment

“…Boron impregnation has been shown to increase the flexural properties of samama wood, with improved results after addition of polymer to reduce leaching. The addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) increases the MOE and MOR of samama wood by 32.2% and 29.4%, respectively, while heat treatment at 180°C after MMA impregnation did not have significant influence (Cahyono et al 2020). In light of these findings, investigation of the effects on samama wood of boron impregnation followed by castor bean oil impregnation and heat treatment is an interesting topic for study.…”