Flexural stiffness and strength enhancement of horizontally glued laminated wood beams with GFRP and CFRP composite sheets

Finite-Element Numerical Simulation of the Bending Performance of Post-Tensioned Structural Glass Beams with Adhesively Bonded CFRP Tendons

“…Colombi and Poggi, 2006;Seleem et al, 2010), timber (i.e. Johnsson et al, 2006;Nadira et al, 2016) and even glass (i.e. Correia et al, 2011;Speranzini and Agnetti, 2015).…”

Bending Stiffness, Load-Bearing Capacity and Flexural Rigidity of Slender Hybrid Wood-Based Beams

“…The longitudinal modulus of elasticity of the CFRP profiles, aluminium, and GFRP profiles compared to that of Norway spruce are higher by a factor of 10.0, 5.8, and 3.2, respectively (Table 1). Thus, CFRP profiles should provide the best improvements in bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity [10,14,25]. Despite this, we decided to perform the first phase of the tests with aluminium reinforcements only, in order to define their positioning and orientation effect on the observed parameters and to analyse the possibilities of manufacturing window profiles with non-visible reinforcements.…”

“…Over the last twenty years, many studies have been performed with regard to the flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity of hybrid beams; not only experimentally [5][6][7][8], but also analytically [9][10][11][12][13][14] and numerically [15][16][17][18][19]. In most of the mentioned studies much larger cross sections than those used for windows were investigated (e.g., up to 500 mm in height) [12,15].…”

“…In most of the mentioned studies much larger cross sections than those used for windows were investigated (e.g., up to 500 mm in height) [12,15]. Only a few researchers have studied the reinforcing effect on specimens with cross sections smaller than 100 mm × 100 mm [14,19,20], where limited space for reinforcements is available. In most cases the reinforcements are visible at least on one side of the tested specimens and mostly oriented horizontally [5,6,12].…”

“…Different reinforcing materials have been used in many studies to improve the bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity of wooden beams. Steel profiles [5,9,12], glass-fibre reinforced polymer profiles (GFRP (glass-fibre reinforced polymer) profiles) [6,14,18], and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer profiles (CFRP (carbon-fibre reinforced polymer) profiles) [7,11,15,19] are the most common, but the Forests 2018, 9,703 3 of 16 effect of many others has also been investigated; e.g., basalt fibres [13], hemp, flax, basalt, and bamboo fibre reinforcements [21], as well as concrete in combination with wood [22].…”