Flexural Study of Reinforced Foamed Concrete Beam Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Eggshell Powder (ESP) as Partial Cement Replacement

Abstract

Concrete is the primary material used in physical development of structure worldwide. Mass production of cement enable construction of structural building made from concrete with various feature suitable with the intended design purposes. Demand of concrete as construction material can be attributed due high durability, strength, mouldable and relatively economic compared with more traditional materials. Normal concrete typically used in construction has density of 2400 kg/m 3 . Meanwhile, foamed concrete is known as a lightweight concrete with density ranging from 300 -1900 kg/m 3 by introducing air-voids (Zhang et al., 2014) using foaming agent in the mortar.Foamed concrete functioned as non-load bearing structure due to low density which reduces dead load rather than normal weight concrete (

The influence of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin on the strength of concrete and crack resistance of reinforced concrete beam: a review

“…The inclusion of POFA and ES powder has the potential to be examined as a cement alternative and it was observed that all beams show similar shear-flexure failure as shown in Figure 9. However, FC-POFA-ES has a higher number of cracks (Rahman et al , 2019). When the applied force was 6.0 kN, the control beam experienced early cracks in the middle part of the section with a size of 50 mm.…”

“…However, FC-POFA-ES has a higher number of cracks (Rahman et al, 2019). When the applied force was 6.0 kN, the control beam experienced early cracks in the middle part of the section with a size of 50 mm.…”

Failure Mechanism of Two-Phase Syntactic Foam Polymer Composites under Different Coating Conditions

“…The compressive stress -strain curve is shown in Figure 2. The Matrix formulation is known to impact the macromolecular structure of the microspheres thus influencing the microspheres performance [40,44]. Analysis of crushing mechanism on HMs shows resistance towards compression load because both the matrix and HMs strength was combined in yielding the foam's compressive deformation response.…”

“…fraction of the HMs. The SFs compressive modulus, flexural strength and tensile strength for the CaCO3 and cementite specimen are 470,44, 36 MPa and 582,48,41 MPa, respectively. The energy absorption characteristic of the SFs was enhanced by 14% and 25% for the CaCO3 and cementite HMs surface coating, respectively.…”

Effect on the Compressive Strength of Mortars Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Partial Replacement of Cement

“…This experimental research has been conducted to study the effect of GGBFS on the compressive strength of mortar, and to find out the optimum replacement percentage of cement with GGBFS. Research has been ongoing to develop sustainable concrete by addition of various SCMs and admixtures in the concrete (Mangi et al, 2019;Rahman et al, 2019;Ashish 2019;Gettu et al, 2019;Jhatial et al, 2019;Juenger et al, 2019;Mohamad et al, 2019b;Phul et al, 2019;Martirena & Monzó, 2018, Kamaruddin et al, 2018. Cement mortar is also as a type of concrete, which is being used in many applications such as finish and repair, concrete cover to normal RCC structures from environmental effects, manufacture of ferrocement elements and protection layer to the porous construction material such as light weight concrete elements or brick masonry walls.…”