“…In order to better understand the degradation phenomena occurring in NFCs submitted to moisture environment, it is necessary to characterise the corresponding damage and deformation mechanisms. Different types of techniques can be used to characterise damage and strain in NFCs: optical and electronic microscopy (Pickering et al, 2016;Malinowski et al, 2018), acoustic emission (De Rosa et al, 2009;Assarar et al, 2011), digital image correlation Unlusoy et al, 2019), ultrasonic scanning (Lebaupin et al, 2019;Fischer et al, 2019), infra-red thermography (Boccardi et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018) and X-ray micro-tomography (Rasket et al, 2012;Perrier et al, 2017). Figure 4 illustrates the ability of X-ray micro-tomography to analyse damage development in NFCs.…”