Flicker observation light induces diameter response in retinal arterioles: a clinical methodological study

Nagel, Edgar

doi:10.1136/bjo.88.1.54

Cited by 59 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is reported to demonstrate the effect of spontaneous variations in vessel diameter that occur under normal resting conditions to flicker light. 38 Tentative links have been made in previous studies between the occurrence of increased arterial diameter fluctuations and the presence of vascular disturbance in both smokers and vasospastic subjects 19,39,40 and between increased retinal venous diameters and the presence of retinal ischemia and hypoxia. 41,42 On this basis, it could be hypothesized that the increased BDF identified in our IGT patients may represent an indicator that common alterations in retinal vascular function may exist in these individuals, perhaps related to an increased variation in vascular tone or compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abnormal Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Preliminary Study

Patel¹,

Bellary

Qin³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To investigate the relationship between vascular function parameters measured at the retinal and systemic level and known markers for cardiovascular risk in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS.Sixty age-and sex-matched white European adults (30 with IGT and 30 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) were recruited for the study. Fasting plasma glucose, lipids, and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) were measured in all subjects. Systemic vascular and endothelial function was assessed by using carotid-artery intimal media thickness (cIMT) and flowmediated dilation (FMD). Retinal vascular reactivity was assessed by the dynamic retinal vessel analyzer. Additionally, blood glutathione (reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione disulfide [GSSG], and total glutathione [tGSH]) and plasma von Willebrand (vWF) factor levels were also measured.RESULTS. Individuals with IGT demonstrated higher BP values (P < 0.001), fasting triglyceride (TG) levels and TG:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios (P < 0.001) than NGT subjects. Furthermore, total:HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratios and Framingham scores were raised (P ¼ 0.010 and P < 0.001, respectively). Blood glutathione levels (GSH, GSSG, and tGSH) were lower (P < 0.001, P ¼ 0.039, and P < 0.001, respectively) while plasma vWF was increased (P ¼ 0.014) in IGT subjects compared to controls. IGT individuals also demonstrated higher IMT in right and left carotid arteries (P ¼ 0.017 and P ¼ 0.005, respectively) alongside larger brachial artery diameter (P ¼ 0.015) and lower FMD percentage (P ¼ 0.026) and glyceryl trinitrate-induced dilation (P ¼ 0.012) than healthy controls. At the retinal arterial level, the IGT subjects showed higher baseline diameter fluctuations (BDFs) (P ¼ 0.026), longer reaction time (RT) (P ¼ 0.032), and reduced baseline-corrected flicker response (bFR) (P ¼ 0.045). In IGT subjects, retinal BDF correlated with total:HDL (P ¼ 0.003) and HDL-C (P ¼ 0.004). Arterial RT also correlated with FMD (P ¼ 0.017) in IGT but not NGT subjects.CONCLUSIONS. In IGT individuals there is a relationship between macro-and microvascular function, as well as a direct correlation between the observed retinal microcirculatory changes and established plasma markers for cardiovascular diseases. Multifactorial preventive interventions to decrease vascular risk in these individuals should be considered. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:5102-5108)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Abnormal Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Preliminary Study

Patel¹,

Bellary

Qin³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Studies examining retinal vessel responses to flickering light stimulation have consistently shown an increase in retinal blood velocity and diameter in healthy individuals [13,[17][18][19][20]. However, disease states such as diabetes have demonstrated an attenuated vasomotor dilator response to the flickering light stimulus [12,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, disease states such as diabetes have demonstrated an attenuated vasomotor dilator response to the flickering light stimulus [12,20]. Because age and high blood pressure are associated with attenuated flickering light responses [12,21,22], we adjusted our analysis for age, blood pressure, diabetes and gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal vasoreactivity as a marker for chronic ischemic white matter disease?

Bettermann

Slocomb

Shivkumar

et al. 2012

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…Properties of this instrument and its measurement principles have been described elsewhere. 9,10 In brief, the device allows noninvasive online assessment of vessel diameters along the chosen arterial and venular vessel segments before, during, and after flicker stimulation. Online assessments are performed automatically and simultaneously.…”

Section: Dynamic Vessel Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diameter of Retinal Vessels in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Is Not Altered by Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis)

Terai¹,

Haustein²,

Siegel³

et al. 2014

Retina

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Flicker observation light induces diameter response in retinal arterioles: a clinical methodological study

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Abnormal Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Preliminary Study

Abnormal Retinal Vascular Reactivity in Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Preliminary Study

Retinal vasoreactivity as a marker for chronic ischemic white matter disease?

Diameter of Retinal Vessels in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Is Not Altered by Intravitreal Ranibizumab (Lucentis)

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