2016
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.137570
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Flight mechanics and control of escape manoeuvres in hummingbirds II. Aerodynamic force production, flight control and performance limitations

Abstract: The superior manoeuvrability of hummingbirds emerges from complex interactions of specialized neural and physiological processes with the unique flight dynamics of flapping wings. Escape manoeuvring is an ecologically relevant, natural behaviour of hummingbirds, from which we can gain understanding into the functional limits of vertebrate locomotor capacity. Here, we extend our kinematic analysis of escape manoeuvres from a companion paper to assess two potential limiting factors of the manoeuvring performance… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(72 citation statements)
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“…In load lifting, hummingbirds rely primarily on increased stroke amplitude to augment lift Chai and Dudley, 1995). A major difference between the load-lifting experiment and the present experiment was that the former usually lasted longer periods of time, as the birds were required to take off by overcoming gravity and then sustain hovering for approximately 1 s, while the duration of escape manoeuvres in our study was ∼0.15 s. At least within the few wingbeats for generating higher manoeuvring forces and moments, the hummingbirds in our study appeared capable of boosting muscle mass-specific power to a substantially higher level than previously observed (Cheng et al, 2016).…”
Section: Wing Kinematics For Pitch Rotationsupporting
confidence: 46%
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“…In load lifting, hummingbirds rely primarily on increased stroke amplitude to augment lift Chai and Dudley, 1995). A major difference between the load-lifting experiment and the present experiment was that the former usually lasted longer periods of time, as the birds were required to take off by overcoming gravity and then sustain hovering for approximately 1 s, while the duration of escape manoeuvres in our study was ∼0.15 s. At least within the few wingbeats for generating higher manoeuvring forces and moments, the hummingbirds in our study appeared capable of boosting muscle mass-specific power to a substantially higher level than previously observed (Cheng et al, 2016).…”
Section: Wing Kinematics For Pitch Rotationsupporting
confidence: 46%
“…To quantify wing twist for blade-element analysis (Cheng et al, 2016), we assumed that all wing chord sections shared the same stroke and derivation angles while having a linearly varying rotation angle from wing base to tip (e.g. a linear twist model; Leishman, 2006;Walker et al, 2009), where local rotation angle of a wing chord section is a linear function of dimensionless spanwise locationr (0 r 1, where 0 represents the wing base and 1 represents the wing tip):…”
Section: Kinematic Model Of Flapping Wingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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