Flight test results for autonomous icing protection solution for small unmanned aircraft

Sørensen, Kim Lynge; Johansen, Tor Arne

doi:10.1109/icuas.2017.7991301

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This signal will be characteristic for dry (cloud off, no droplets in the flow), wet (cloud on, droplets in the Table 1. Meteorological and flight conditions for the ice detection, anti-icing and full system runs flow), and iced (ice on airfoil) conditions [11]. The signal was created by heating the leading-edge heating zone for a duration of 10s with a small (~60W) heat spike.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only available energy form is usually electric. Icing detection on a UAV needs to be fully autonomous [11], which is similar to wind turbine icing [12]. The instrumentation for detection should be minimal and energy efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D•ICE is a modular, robust, powerefficient, and autonomous icing protection solution that encompasses icing detection and removal capabilities. It enables continuous unmanned aircraft operations globally and in the harshest conditions [11]. D•ICE is based on an electro-thermal heating system, and novel estimation, control, and detection algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations of an Icing Protection System for UAVs

Hann

Borup

Zolich

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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UAV icing is a severe challenge that has only recently shifted into the focus of research. Today, there are no mature icing mitigation technologies for UAVs, except for the largest fixed-wing drones. We are working on the development of an electro-thermal icing protection technology called D•ICE for medium-sized fixed-wing UAVs. As part of the design process, an experimental test campaign at the Cranfield icing wind tunnel has been conducted. This paper describes the icing protection system and shares experimental results on its capability for icing detection and anti-icing. Icing detection is based on an algorithm evaluating temperature signals that are induced on the leading-edge of the wing. A baseline signal is generated during dry (icing cloud off) conditions and compared to a signal during wet (icing cloud on) conditions. Due to significant differences in the heat transfer regime, the system can differentiate between these two states. The experiments show that our system can reliably detect icing conditions based on this principle. Furthermore, the anti-icing capability of the system is proven for two icing cases. The minimal required heat flux to keep the surface ice-free was obtained by gradually reducing power supply to the heating zones until icing could be detected. These experimental results were compared to FENSAP-ICE simulations. The test campaign includes a successful fully-autonomous run, where the system automatically detected icing and initiated suitable anti-icing measures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations of an Icing Protection System for UAVs

Hann

Borup

Zolich

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…During the last 10 years, an increasing number of publications have become available on the subject. The research has been focused on aerodynamic performance degradation [16,31,32,33,34], rotor icing [35,36], IPS [37,38], ice detection [39,40], and path planning [41]. However, most of the research is only scratching the surface of the topic, and an in-depth understanding of UAV icing has not been achieved yet.…”

Section: Icing On Uavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Icing

Hann¹,

Johansen²

2020

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About the Publisher SAE International ® is a global association of more than 128,000 engineers and related technical experts in the aerospace, automotive, and commercial-vehicle industries. Our core competencies are lifelong learning and voluntary consensus standards development. Visit sae.org SAE EDGE™ Research Report Disclaimer SAE EDGE™ Research Reports focus on topics that are dynamic, in which knowledge is incomplete, and which have yet to be standardized. They represent the collective wisdom of a group of experts and serve as a practical guide to the reader in understanding unsettled subject matter. They are not meant to provide a recommended practice or protocol. The experts have assembled as a community of practitioners to contribute and collectivize their thoughts and points of view; these are not the positions of the institutions or businesses with which they are affiliated nor are one contributor's perspective advanced over other contributors. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are the property of SAE International and SAE alone is responsible for their content. About This PublicationSAE EDGE™ Research Reports provide state-of-the-art and state-of-the-industry examinations of the most significant topics in mobility engineering. SAE EDGE™ contributors are experts from research, academia, and industry who have come together to explore and define the most critical advancements, challenges, and future direction in areas such as vehicle automation, unmanned aircraft, cybersecurity, advanced propulsion, advanced manufacturing, Internet of Things, and connectivity.

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“…In smaller aircraft, electro-thermal systems can be used on surfaces such as intake lips or helicopter rotors [3]. However, due to its relatively young developing industry, commercially available solutions for de-icing of unmanned aerial vehicles are still limited [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing electronics directly onto carbon fiber composites: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wings with integrated heater for de-icing

Idris¹,

Qiu²,

Melenka³

et al. 2020

Eng. Res. Express

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used to deliver items and gather information in remote areas. As a result, UAVs suffer from ice accumulation on their wings, which drastically affects their flight. However, the UAV industry is still relatively young and, thus, commercial solutions for deicing on UAVs are limited. The use of carbon fiber composites is becoming increasingly ubiquitous for UAVs as well as many other industries such as military, construction, medical, automobile, sporting goods and aircraft systems. Carbon fiber is commercially available in various forms, including single yarns, braids and weaves, which are similar to traditional textiles. This paper presents a method to create a self-heating composite structure that can be integrated into UAV wings for de-icing by exploiting the thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon fiber. Extrusion printing is used to fabricate electrical contacts directly on the carbon fiber weave. Extrusion printing on textiles faces multiple challenges that are overcome in this paper. A method is presented to extrusion print conductive paste on textiles. Specifically, carbon fiber weaves. This manufacturing method is employed to fabricate carbon fiber-based heating devices, and they are characterized electrically and thermally.

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Flight test results for autonomous icing protection solution for small unmanned aircraft

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental Investigations of an Icing Protection System for UAVs

Experimental Investigations of an Icing Protection System for UAVs

Unsettled Topics in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Icing

Printing electronics directly onto carbon fiber composites: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wings with integrated heater for de-icing

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