Flip-flop rebel, dollar soldier: demobilisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo1

Marriage, Zoe

doi:10.1080/14678800701333085

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It also enrolled volatile fighters into an army that suffered from institutional malaise and did not provide the money, discipline or career prospects to contain the ambitions of the newly integrated fighters. 48 Following the relative success of the programme in Sierra Leone in 1997, and the heightened profile of security in donor development policy, demobilisation had become standard issue in Northern-sponsored peace processes in Africa. In accordance with the neoliberal agenda, demobilisation was pursued through an economic incentive of $125 to combatants and addressed the technical problems of mass demobilisation.…”

Section: Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divisive ‘Commonality’: state and insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Marriage

2011

Third World Quarterly

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Northern donor policies relating to building a common future and building peaceful states and societies go to the heart of national and international security agendas. This article critiques the concept of commonality between donors and recipients and within recipient countries. It argues that the policies are problematic from the perspective of security theorising, both in their mooted 'commonality' and in terms of the political intervention that they imply. Historically security has been competitive and founded on compromise rather than commonality, and the internal legitimacy of states has been contested domestically, rather than 'built' from outside. Using the example of the Democratic Republic of Congo, the article argues that the ahistorical assumptions of these policies and the activities they license have entrenched specific forms of insecurity. There have been some returns to the donors and implementing partners but also some costs, which had not been calculated, as lessons have not been drawn from past experiences.

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Section: Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divisive ‘Commonality’: state and insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Marriage

2011

Third World Quarterly

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“…Contrary to the Mandela administration that opted for negotiations, that of Mbeki was going to deploy the SANDF to the DRC under the banner of the UN peacekeeping initiative (de Coning & Lotze, ). Marriage () points out that he (Mbeki) eventually made a breakthrough via the Lusaka Agreement that was to end the hostilities in the DRC; hence, the agreement brought all concerned stakeholders to the negotiation table. These negotiations led to the Pretoria Accord of 2002, which was agreed upon between the DRC and Rwanda where the latter was going to withdraw its troops in the DRC.…”

Section: Theoretical Explanation/review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐1994 South Africa's peacekeeping and military intervention in Southern Africa, reference from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Lesotho

Mlambo

Adetiba

2019

Journal of Public Affairs

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South Africa, once a pariah state as a result of the apartheid regime destabilization policies in Southern Africa, became a full fledge democratic state following the victory of the African National Congress (ANC) in the first and all‐inclusive democratic elections of 1994. The ANC's vision for Southern Africa was to be routed on the notion of curbing the imbalances of the past (pre‐1994), which had cost the Southern African region great economic loss. Here, one of the many fundamentals that were to drive the ANC's foreign policy doctrine was that of conflict resolution for a more stable and prosperous Africa particularly Southern Africa. Conflict resolution was viewed as a pivotal element for the new democratic government in order to stimulate beneficial relations with other African states post the apartheid era. In light of the above, and using a qualitative method approach, this paper draws a nuanced appraisal and examines the role of South Africa's peacekeeping and mediation initiatives in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Lesotho post‐1994. In conclusion, South Africa has been able to utilize its regional hegemonic stance to ensure regional security while ensuring economic stability at home.

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“…Many authors have criticised the vast number of studies trying to upgrade the relatively static programme modules and measurements of effectiveness in DDR efforts and the Integrated DDR Standards of the UN (UNDDR 2017), which do not do justice to the complexities of social and military relations and identities in armed groups (Marriage 2010). They point to the narrowness of a 'one-sizefits-all' template and the 'provider perspective' , in which the most intense focus of academic interest is the proper allocation of goods and incentives (Özerdem and Knight 2004, Perrazone 2017, Berdal and Ucko 2010.…”

Section: Social Structure Habitus and Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insurgent Groups During Post-Conflict Transformation: The Case of Military Strongmen in Cambodia

Bultmann

2018

Civil Wars

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The article discusses the experiences of a group of military strongmen during the post-conflict transformation of two Cambodian insurgent movements into a society of peace after a decades-long civil war. It explains the reasons why some of these strongmen were able to transfer their high status within the insurgency into senior positions in the incumbent government, while others became impoverished and sometimes even preferred to relapse into further conflict. Even though all of these strongmen shared a very similar life course and fought until the end of the conflict, their post-conflict fates have been very different. Central to the explanation of their behaviour during the transition is their habitus, the set of resources at their disposal and the nature of their vertical and horizontal social networks.

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Flip-flop rebel, dollar soldier: demobilisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo1

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Divisive ‘Commonality’: state and insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Divisive ‘Commonality’: state and insecurity in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Post‐1994 South Africa's peacekeeping and military intervention in Southern Africa, reference from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Lesotho

Insurgent Groups During Post-Conflict Transformation: The Case of Military Strongmen in Cambodia

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