Floating bubbles: an agent-based system for layout planning

A Human–Machine Collaborative Building Spatial Layout Workflow Based on Spatial Adjacency Simulation

“…In 2010, Hao, H. and Ting-Li, J presented the optimization of adjacency relations for floating bubbles as an analogy to spatial layouts. By assigning two primary forces to agents: attraction and repulsion, it achieved a responsive layout of spaces with more complex adjacency requirements constraints [4]. While in 2016, EISayed further proposed a theoretical approach to simulate the interactive layout process of collision and reorganization between the modified space and other prototype spaces that the designers provided in advance by simulating mechanical springs [8].…”

“…Then the machine will automatically fill in the solution based on the adjacency relationship. Hao, H. and Ting-Li, J proposed a prototype of disjoint objects that generate repulsive forces when objects overlap and separate [4], ensuring that the space is geometrically constrained in the layout process. Based on their works, we use collision modules in Kangaroo to enable objects to be non-intersecting.…”

“…Since the 1960s, the rule-based approach has been widely used for automated spatial layout [3]. Several rule-based studies translate adjacency [4], density [5], and topological and geometric constraints [6] into mathematical constraint objectives to optimize layout solutions for spatial automation. Based on 'Rule-based', various classical studies treat automated building layout and prototyping as a multi-objective optimisation process.…”

“…Many studies regarding automatic layout based on the physical model show the potential to simulate the human-machine collaborative design process, thus resulting in the advantage of being highly interactive [9]. Based on these methods, some studies demonstrate the feasibility of simulating the spatial layout by analogy spring [10] and gravitational and repulsive forces [4] to satisfy complex adjacency demand constraints. However, the results of the physical model calculations still require a significant amount of manual modelling work and filtering to complete customized architectural design tasks.…”