Floating cage aquaculture production in Indonesia: Assessment of opportunities and challenges in Lake Maninjau

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Aquaculture in floating cages in Lake Maninjau has recorded significant growth, even as the largest contributor to total annual aquacultural production in West Sumatra Province. In this study, we assessed the output of floating net cages in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. We analyzed the characteristics of fish farming, fish fry, feed supply, and production, and the challenges and opportunities for increasing aquacultural production in the future. We used purposive sampling in this study with an interview questionnaire to obtain information from 80 fish-cultivating households in Lake Maninjau. We then used descriptive statistical methods of data analysis. The results showed that in 2018, there were 17596 floating net cages. The majority (n = 33, 41.25%) of fish farmers have 20 to 40 floating net cages per household, and 67.5% (n = 54) are used for tilapia cultivation. We recorded that 77.5% (n = 62) of fingerlings were sourced from private hatcheries. Six companies supply commercial feed pellets in an amount of 2000 tons per month for aquaculture activities. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Ltd. provides 35% of the feed. The fish species cultivated were Nile tilapia, common carp, giant gourami, Clarias catfish, and pangasius catfish, with gross yields (kg/m<sup>3</sup>/cycle) of 12, 11.5, 10.4, 7.88, and 8.89, respectively. Fish farmers face challenging conditions: poor water quality, mass mortality of tilapia, high fish feed prices and low fish sale prices, and noncash payments. We recommend ensuring the development of floating net cages in Lake Maninjau for a more sustainable future. Therefore, it is necessary to operate as many as 6000 nets to meet guidelines for carrying capacity and cultivation based on the Regional Regulation of Agam Regency Number 5 of 2014 concerning the management of Maninjau Lake, which is accessible proportionally by eight villages. Giant gourami is prioritized for cultivation because it is resistant to poor water quality and high market prices.</p> </abstract>

Implementasi Budidaya Ikan Di Kolam Terpal Berbasis Sumberdaya Lokal Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Mahasiswa Dan Petani Ikan Di Danau Maninjau

“…Keuntungan lain memelihara ikan lele ukuran rata-rata 10 cm adalah pertumbuhannya lebih cepat dan pakan yang digunakan selama pemeliharaan lebih sedikit ″kalah diharga membeli benih, tetapi menang pada penggunaan pakan″. Bahwa biaya operasional yang paling tinggi untuk budidaya ikan adalah pada pakan yaitu sekitar 70% dari seluruh biaya tidak tetap [16,17,18,19,20,21,22].…”

Effect of feed enriched by products formulated from coconut water, palm sap sugar, and mushroom on the chemical composition of feed and carcass, growth performance, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepède, 1801), juveniles

“…Commercial feed supplemented with different formulated products with the dosage of 150 ml/kg of feed significantly affects the proximate composition of diets. One-way ANOVA results showed a marginal interaction among treatments in the case of protein content (F (3,8) = 1.522, P = 0.282), fat (F (3,8) = 5.663, P = 0.022), carbohydrates (F (3,8) = 1.862, P = 0.214), crude fibre (F (3,8) = 1.445, P = 0.300), and ash (F (3,8) = 0.272, P = 0.844), and the total energy content (F (3,8) =1.112, P = 0.400) differed considerably (P < 0.05) among the four diets (Table 1). Duncan's Post-hoc test revealed that the protein content (21.6967 AE 0.17%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the KP3 diet than in the other treatments, while the carbohydrate (31.19 AE 0.38%), crude fibre (2.82 AE 0.06%), and ash (6.57 AE 0.04%) contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the KP3 diet than in the other diets.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] At the same time, for aquaculture operations, the cost of aquafeed is still a significant challenge. 2,[6][7][8] On the other hand, commercial feed produced by factories still does not contain complete nutrition for fish growth, while being acknowledged for its positive effects on food safety. [9][10][11] In this context, enriching fish feed with cost-effective natural ingredient resources is key to increasing feed nutrient quality and feed efficiency in commercial fish farming and ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture operations.…”