Floating norms as a means to describe individual skeletal patterns

Segner, Dietmar

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035988

Cited by 49 publications

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“…As long as the cephalometric measurements of the subject lie inside the harmony schema (despite their absolute values) the skeletal pattern may be considered harmonious. A harmonious combination from a correlation point of view would not necessarily require the values to lie on a perfectly straight horizontal line (Segner, 1989). According to three zones inside the box (prognathic, ortognathic and retrognathic) a type of face may be described as prognathic but still harmonious, orthognathic and harmonious and retrognathic and harmonious.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hasund et al (1974) first described combinations of acceptable values for different facial types. Finally, a comprehensive analysis for the assessment of individual craniofacial patterns was performed by Segner (1989) and Segner and Hasund (1994), who constructed floating norms for the description of sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships in a sample of European adults. The method is based on the correlations among the following craniofacial measurements: SNA, SNB, NL-NSL, ML-NSL, and NSBa ( Figure 1).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of harmony box was established by Segner (1989) and Segner and Hasund (1994) and at present is widely used its improved form as a Segner-Hasund harmony box (Segner and Hasund, 1998) (Figure 2). The linear regression analysis was used to construct a harmony schema, which contained the cephalometric floating norms of the five correlated variables.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cephalometric Floating Norms for Czech Adults

Řeháček¹,

Janega²,

Hofmanová³

2012

Prague Med. Rep.

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Key words: Lateral cephalograms -Cephalometric norms -Hasund harmony schemaAbstract: The purpose of this study was to establish floating cephalometric norms for the description of the individual skeletal pattern in Czech adults. Floating norms provide a method of analysis that uses the variability of the associations among suitable cephalometric measures, on the basis of the regression model combining both sagittal and vertical skeletal parameters. Harmony box is a simple and useful tool for diagnostics of orthodontic anomalies according to individual cephalometric norms. 118 subjects, 53 male and 65 female, from Czech population were selected. The method of multiple regression analysis was used to determine interdependence among five cephalometric variables of the sample. Linear regression equations with corresponding r 2 and standard error of the estimate (SE) were then illustrated as the harmony box. The results construct a harmony box based on correlated cephalometric variables. The multiple regression analysis of the data is graphically illustrated as a harmony schema which divides harmony box in three zones according to the type of the face -prognathic, orthognathic and retrognathic. The cephalometric floating norms describing the individual craniofacial pattern among Czech adults were established based on five correlated variables in the form of a harmony box.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cephalometric Floating Norms for Czech Adults

Řeháček¹,

Janega²,

Hofmanová³

2012

Prague Med. Rep.

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“…[23][24][25][26] The two variables that indicate a sagittal jaw position, S-N-B e S-N-Pg, statistically were the same in both males and females; however, the male population has a slightly advanced position of the mandible. Other authors 24,27 had significantly different values in both sexes. This may be justified because these authors did not include an aesthetic criteria as part of the selection process of their samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Aesthetic analysis of the face

Vale¹,

Queiroga²,

Caramelo³

et al. 2017

j.rpemd

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Results: The thickness of the skin tissues that cover the face is larger in men than in women and there are no major ethnic differences. The total face height is significantly higher in men than in women, and is higher in european women compared to North-american women. The midface is further back sagittally in men than in women and is further back in the ideal european population versus the ideal american population. Conclusion:In a cephalometric analysis, we must consider the gender, age and etnic background of the patient in order to obtain correct clinical information. Resultados: A espessura dos tecidos cutâneos que recobrem a face é maior nos homens do que nas mulheres e não se verificam grandes diferenças étnicas. A altura total da face é significativamente maior nos homens do que nas mulheres, e é maior nas mulheres europeias em relação às mulheres norte-americanas. O andar médio da face está mais recuado sagitalmente nos homens do que nas mulheres e mais recuado na população europeia do que na população norte-americana.Conclusão: Na interpretação da análise cefalométrica devem ser considerados o género, a idade e a etnia do indivíduo a estudar, para se obter uma correcta informação clínica.

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“…Those authors who use the NA line for assessing the upper incisor's axial inclination recommend an angle of approximately 22Њ. 1,3,10,27 By subtracting the mean deviation between the two values of our present sample, we obtain a value of 5.8Њ for the 1TA variable. Consequently, the result of the present study is in agreement with Andrews' examination outcomes: Andrews 4,28 derived a 7Њ torque angle for upper incisors from dental cast examination of an ''ideal'' occlusion sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Third-Order Angle and the Maxillary Incisor's Inclination to the NA Line

Knösel

Kubein-Meesenburg

Sadat-Khonsari

2007

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the angular measurement data (incisor's long axis to NA line) and the third-order angle (TA) according to Andrews' description. Materials and Methods: The materials in the study included the lateral radiographs and corresponding dental casts of 32 males and 35 females between 10 and 25 years of age, regardless of their skeletal and dental relationships. All subjects were white and none had undergone orthodontic therapy. Using lateral radiographs, upper and lower incisor angulations were assessed in reference to the NA line. These data were compared with third-order angles derived from direct dental cast measurements, which were performed using an incisor inclination recording appliance. Results: The third-order angle measurements recorded from the dental casts were a mean of 16.2Њ (SD ϭ 5.3Њ) smaller than the axial inclination according to the NA line. In this sample, there was a range of 42.7Њ for the TA variable (mean ϭ 5.6Њ, SD ϭ 9.73Њ) and 47Њ for the 1NA/deg variable (mean ϭ 21.7Њ, SD ϭ 8.67Њ). A highly significant correlation existed (r ϭ 0.84) between Andrews' angle and the inclination estimated in reference to the NA line. Conclusion: Incisor inclination can be better estimated by recognizing the relationship between the torque angle and the axial inclination referred to the NA line. Third-order measurements using dental casts can offer a simple way to get an objective and rapid vision of the incisor's inclination.

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Floating norms as a means to describe individual skeletal patterns

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Cephalometric Floating Norms for Czech Adults

Cephalometric Floating Norms for Czech Adults

Aesthetic analysis of the face

The Third-Order Angle and the Maxillary Incisor's Inclination to the NA Line

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