Flocculation of Bentonite by non Ionic Polyelectrolyte: Influence of Cations

Kim, H.S.; Lamarche, Camille; Verdier, A.

doi:10.1016/s0166-1116(08)71164-6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Środkami obciążeniowymi mogą być: piasek krzemionkowy, piasek granitowy i piasek magnetytowy, antracyt, szkło, mączka bazaltowa. Na uwagę zasługują także bentonit i preparaty wykonane na jego bazie (Kim et al, 1982;Al Dwairi i Al-Rawajfeh, 2012;Jahed et al, 2014).…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Badania możliwości zastosowania materiałów obciążających do wspomagania oczyszczania wód złożowych

Janocha

Badawczy

Kluk

2021

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The article presents the issues related to of the removal of suspensions and sediments from reservoir waters. In the conducted research, particular emphasis was placed on the techniques of using loading materials in the water treatment process. The research materials were four types of reservoir water, which was collected from the separators of wells exploiting natural gas deposits. These waters were characterized by high suspended solids (76–176 mg/dm3) and a varied degree of mineralization. The content of dissolved substances was determined in the range from 401 to 306 428 mg/dm3. The extracted reservoir waters are currently most often utilized by pumping into the absorbing horizons in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. The preparation of water for injection is limited only to the removal of easily settling solid particles and suspensions present in the extracted formation waters. The porosity and permeability of the deposit rocks determine the size of solid particles present in the water that can be forced into voids in the porous medium. In the process of water treatment by coagulation and flocculation, carried out in laboratory conditions, Flokor ASW was used as a coagulant, while Stabpol was used as a flocculant. Post-coagulation sludge is highly hydrated, so that its density is close to that of water, as a result of which sedimentation of sludge particles takes a long time. In order to increase the sedimentation rate of particles contained in the treated waters, ballasting materials, which were quartz sand and bentonites: powdery bentonite and bentonite preparation DuoBent 1, were successively introduced into the solutions. The effectiveness of the water treatment process was assessed by comparing the degree of turbidity of the solution above the sediment before and after adding a different amount of coagulant, flocculant and sediment-balancing materials. The turbidity measurement of the tested solutions allows to estimate the content of suspensions and colloids in them. Laboratory tests were carried out on the possibility of using selected materials ballasting suspensions in the process of reservoir water treatment. Effective doses of ballast materials recommended for use in the separation of suspensions from formation waters were determined. Research results presented in this paper show that the removal of suspended solids from formation waters can be carried out with the use of a properly prepared bentonite agent (DuoBent 1) with no need of adding other chemical compounds. The doses of the DuoBent 1 bentonite preparation, dosed into highly mineralized reservoir waters in order to remove turbidity, are relatively small. Adding bentonite into the treated waters in amounts exceeding 0.2 g/dm3 results in obtaining high clarity of the water intended for injection (turbidity at the level of 0–5 FAU). The results of the research can be implemented for practical use as a simple method of purifying reservoir water prior to injection into the formation.

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Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Badania możliwości zastosowania materiałów obciążających do wspomagania oczyszczania wód złożowych

Janocha

Badawczy

Kluk

2021

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“…Conventionally in a water treatment plant fine suspended matter is made to agglomerate into larger size flocs by adding chemicals that neutralize the inherent negative charges on colloidal impurities that repel them from each other and interfere with their settling mechanism. It is crucial that the exact dosage of the coagulant (chemical) is determined prior to add into the water because if the dosage is low then the negative charge on all the particles shall not be neutralized, and if the dosage becomes more than the particles acquire net positive charge resulting in their repulsion from each other and non-settlement (John Gregory, 2013;Kim et al, 1982;Zhao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Optimum Coagulant Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of configuration and operating conditions on turbidity removal of jet clarifier

Romphophak

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In water treatment, flocculation creates large and weighty flocs enough to be removed by the downstream processes of sedimentation and filtration. Among the various existing technologies, the jet clarifier is considered as an effective and compact system as it couples flocculation and clarification in a single unit. For the design of jet mixing, much experimental work has been done and many correlations have been proposed. However, these correlations are case specifics, and, to date, there is no comprehensive view for the flocculation aspect. In order to evaluate the performance of the jet clarifier for turbidity removal and understand hydrodynamics to propose the optimal operating conditions and design criteria, two different configurations of the continuous jet clarifiers are figured out. The first one is a prototype of a 3D jet clarifier studied at two scales and implemented at Samsen Water Treatment Plant, Thailand; these two reactors were designed to investigate the performance and mean Residence Time Distribution (RTD) for various injected flow rates. The results indicated no effect of reactor sizes, and a reduction of the initial turbidity (50 NTU) was achieved with an efficiency of approximately 80% under optimal conditions. Moreover, the second jet clarifier configuration was designed as a Quasi-2Dimensional (Q2D) jet clarifier at the TBI-INSA-Toulouse, France allowing the application of optical metrological methods used to understand better local phenomena controlling the efficiency of the jet clarifier. Hence, measurements of instantaneous velocity field were performed by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The processing of experimental PIV data highlighted a strong circulation induced by the jet in the flocculation zone. At this location, the range of velocity gradient (G) is 3 to 13 s-1 whereas the residence time decreases from 4 to 1 hour. Based on the hydrodynamic analysis, the Camp number (Gt) in the flocculation zone is shown to be constant at around 7,000 for different jet flow rates (from 11L/hr to 49L/hr). The efficiency of such the jet clarifier can thus be foreseen. Plus, measurements of the number of flocs and their size distributions were performed by means of shadowgraphy and image analysis. Thanks to a coupling between the different experimental results obtained in the Q2D jet clarifier, it was possible to relate the evolution of the number of flocs along the jet to the recirculation loop present in the flocculation zone. The relative independence of the floc size distributions on the flow rate is discussed in light of the Camp number, which can explain the efficiency of the jet clarifier in terms of flocculation. Finally, due to reactor design, the simulations using CFD code showing encouraging results were presented at the end of the manuscript. Here as well, characteristic time scales and velocity gradient were used to perform the first comparisons.

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Flocculation of Bentonite by non Ionic Polyelectrolyte: Influence of Cations

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Badania możliwości zastosowania materiałów obciążających do wspomagania oczyszczania wód złożowych

Badania możliwości zastosowania materiałów obciążających do wspomagania oczyszczania wód złożowych

Effects of configuration and operating conditions on turbidity removal of jet clarifier

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