FLoD: A Framework for Peer-to-Peer 3D Streaming

Hu, Shun-Yun; Huang, Ting-Hao; Chang, Shao‐Chen; Sung, Wei-Lun; Jiang, Jehn-Ruey; Chen, Bing‐Yu

doi:10.1109/infocom.2008.195

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our main approach is to convert an existing open source VE client to resemble IM in installation and usage, by transforming its content assets into X3D formats, and using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks to support VE's state management and content delivery [10,12]. By adopting an existing VE client, we can focus our efforts on building and integrating relevant techniques that help current VEs to be more accessible and useful, instead of content generation.…”

Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, we will also utilize and enhance existing open source libraries whenever possible. For example, we could use FLoD [12] for content streaming, and VAST [11] for distributive game state management.…”

Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We will also make the client program minimized when not in use, so that rendering is done only when active. As Second Life (and thus realXtend) already supports 3D streaming [12] (i.e., 3D content is initially located at server-side), our second task will be to utilize P2P content streaming to improve streaming efficiency and scalability.…”

Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is thus important that the Plug architecture can accommodate various user sizes scalably. Recently peer-to-peer virtual environment research has provided solutions ranging from overlay management [11] (i.e., the discovery of neighbors within a visible area without the help of servers), to state management [3,10] (i.e., the division of game object states onto different client nodes, with considerations for consistency, load balancing, and fault tolerance), to client-assisted services (e.g., voice chatting [16] or content streaming [12]). We will adopt Voronoi State Management (VSM) [10] as the main object state management system, by distributing the existing client-server event-processing to selected super-peers.…”

Section: State Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of accessibility is partially addressed as the average hardware improves. However, to deal with the typically large data volume, real-time content streaming is a more long-term solution, where users would only need a light installation, and download other relevant content as needed [12,19]. Usergenerated content and content streaming thus have been the basis for a growing number of VEs to provide better incentives and accessibility (e.g., Second Life builds on usergenerated content, and utilizes content streaming to deliver terabytes of a growing content base [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plug: Virtual Worlds for Millions of People

Jiang

2008

2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems

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We propose the design of Plug, an application to find and keep contacts with friends within many inter-connected 3D virtual worlds. Users use an instant messenger (IM)-like interface to converse with friends and find new contacts, using a virtual representation of the user's self. It consists of three parts: a plug is an automatous agent / avatar situated at a user's computer that reflects and mimics its owner's behaviors and interests; a plugspace is a virtual environment that can be inter-connected, with scales ranging from a room to an entire virtual universe; and plugtalk is a set of packet formats and protocols that allow plugspaces to inter-connect, and individual plugs to navigate. Plug utilizes standards whenever possible, and is designed to be scalable, extensible, and customizable for various uses such as distance learning, virtual shopping, or online gaming. By combining the looks of 3D virtual worlds and the accessibility of IMs, we envision Plug as a step towards common virtual world experiences sharable by all Internet users.

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Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 3 Realxtend Test Scenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plug: Virtual Worlds for Millions of People

Jiang

2008

2008 14th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems

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Interest‐driven avatar neighbor‐organizing for P2P transmission in distributed virtual worlds

Wang

Jia

Xie

et al. 2015

Computer Animation & Virtual

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The neighbor table/distributed hash table (DHT) is used to choose the data supplier for data‐dispatching services in distributed virtual environments based on peer‐to‐peer networks. It is essential that a stable and efficient neighbor table/DHT be maintained. Because the avatar has much freedom to roam, the spatial distribution of nodes is not uniform, and the logical topology may change dramatically. Therefore, traditional construction mechanisms, such as the neighbor‐discovery mechanism based on spatial distance or DHT, may involve fierce churn in the neighbor table and frequent message exchanges. In this paper, we proposed a dynamic node‐organizing mechanism that aims to solve these challenging problems by applying the avatar's behavioral characteristics to the neighbor maintenance mechanism and scene data transmission. First, we have summarized the common social behaviors of avatars and extracted their characteristics. We then propose an interest‐similarity measuring algorithm to divide the node into diverse clusters. Next, we measure the cluster stability in terms of interest entropy while constructing a stable neighbor mesh for each node in a cluster. We have conducted extensive simulation experiments that simulate avatar behaviors in a popular massively multiplayer online game. The results show that our proposed mechanism achieved a substantial alleviation of neighbor churn and reduced information exchange, which improves the transmission efficiency in distributed virtual environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Phaneros: Visibility‐based framework for massive peer‐to‐peer virtual environments

Çevikbaş

İşler

2018

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Contemporary distributed virtual environments are growing out of terabytes of 3D content and hundreds of thousands of users. Server–client architectures have become inadequate for fulfilling the scalability requirements. The peer‐to‐peer architectures provide inherently scalable, cost‐effective distributed solutions for distributed virtual environments. We present a fully distributed peer‐to‐peer framework, Phaneros, which is capable of providing necessary means to realize more efficient and more scalable massive distributed virtual environments. Using the presented visibility‐aware interest management, Phaneros performs better than existing overlays, achieving single‐hop update dissemination while having lower bandwidth requirements. The provided visibility‐aware 3D streaming scheme distributes 3D content more efficiently without creating any significant load on the server. Our test results show significant improvements over existing frameworks.

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FLoD: A Framework for Peer-to-Peer 3D Streaming

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Plug: Virtual Worlds for Millions of People

Plug: Virtual Worlds for Millions of People

Interest‐driven avatar neighbor‐organizing for P2P transmission in distributed virtual worlds

Phaneros: Visibility‐based framework for massive peer‐to‐peer virtual environments

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