Flood disaster management policy: an analysis of the United States Community Ratings System

Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem; Noonan, Douglas S.

doi:10.1080/19390459.2014.963373

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Studies examining the CRS have largely focused on the determinants of community participation [3], [8], the use of the CRS as a measure of adaptive capacity of municipal leaders to engage in collective action [9], and policy learning [10]. Others have investigated the characteristics of communities that are behaving strategically to take advantage of the incentive structure of the CRS [4], and CRS effects on flood insurance demand [5], [11].…”

Section: Predictors Of Crs Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Communities that participate in the CRS are required to adopt additional floodplain management activities and, in return, community members receive reductions in their flood insurance premiums. Studies examining the CRS have shown that a number of factors influence CRS participation such as local flood risks, fiscal capacity, and socioeconomic characteristics [3], [4]. This study builds on this work and explores whether CRS participation is a function of policy diffusion or an act of free-riding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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What drives community flood risk management? Policy diffusion or free-riding

et al. 2020

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This study explores whether participation in the US Federal Emergency Management Agency's Community Rating System (CRS), a voluntary community flood risk management program, is a function of policy diffusion or an act of free-riding. Policy diffusion would suggest that, all else being equal, once a community has joined the CRS, neighboring communities will be more likely to follow their lead and participate in the CRS. Free-riding would imply that neighboring communities might choose not to participate in the CRS because they perceive that their community benefits from surrounding communities' participation. Results indicate that a community's decision to participate in the CRS is not influenced by the characteristics of or the behavior of their neighbors. The results of this study do, however, show that population density, aggregate housing values, rentership rate, and flat topography are significant predictors of CRS participation.

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Section: Predictors Of Crs Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

What drives community flood risk management? Policy diffusion or free-riding

et al. 2020

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“…To find an effective source of identifying variation, we select two county-level population shares as IVs: the first is the share of children (aged 18 less), and the second is the share of seniors (aged 65 plus). Previous studies have shown that children and senior populations are significant predictors of CRS participation (Sadiq and Noonan 2015a;Fan and Davlasheridze 2016). For example, the elderly are more sensitive to flood risk and value flood mitigation activities more than the young, so a community is more likely to participate in CRS in response to greater demand from a large elderly population.…”

Section: Variable Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heading for the Hills? Effects of Community Flood Management on Local Adaptation to Flood Risks

Noonan

Liu²

2019

Southern Economic Journal

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The Community Rating System (CRS) program was implemented by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1990 as an optional program to encourage communities to voluntarily engage in flood mitigation initiatives. This article uses national census tract‐level data from 1980 to 2010 to estimate whether CRS participation and flood risk affect a community's local patterns of population change. We employ an instrumental‐variables strategy to address the potential endogeneity of CRS participation, based on community‐scale demographic factors that predict when a tract's host community joins the CRS. The results find significant effects of the CRS program and flood risk on population change. Taken together, the findings point to greater propensity for community‐scale flood management in areas with more newcomers and programs such as CRS stabilizing population, though not especially in flood‐prone areas. We observe the CRS neither displacing population toward lower‐risk areas nor attracting more people to flood‐prone areas.

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“…Flooding is the most destructive natural hazard in terms of fatalities, injuries, and economic losses (Jonkman, ; Sadiq & Noonan, ). While this study did not distinguish between the different types of flooding, forecasts suggest that there will be increases in the frequency, intensity, and quantity of heavy precipitation events.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employees’ Perceptions of Workplace Preparedness for Climate Change-Related Natural Hazards

Sadiq¹,

Ollier²,

Tyler³

2016

Risk, Hazards &Amp; Crisis in Public Policy

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Despite climate change being identified as a current or future risk for organizations, researchers have yet to understand employees’ perceptions of their workplaces’ preparedness for climate change‐related natural hazards (cc hazards) such as floods and wildfires. The purpose of this preliminary study is to describe the current state of workplace preparedness for cc hazards and to ascertain whether workplace preparedness for cc hazards aligns with state hazard priorities for cc hazards. Using data collected in 2014 from an online, national survey of 2,008 employees in the United States, the results indicate that workplaces are moderately prepared for cc hazards. In addition, there is a slight mismatch between workplace preparedness and state preparedness priorities for cc hazards. This study contributes to the literature on organizational preparedness for cc hazards by providing insights on the current state of workplace preparedness—from the perspectives of employees—for natural hazards associated with the global threat known as climate change. The paper concludes with a policy recommendation and provides an outline for future research on organizational preparedness for cc hazards.

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Flood disaster management policy: an analysis of the United States Community Ratings System

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

What drives community flood risk management? Policy diffusion or free-riding

What drives community flood risk management? Policy diffusion or free-riding

Heading for the Hills? Effects of Community Flood Management on Local Adaptation to Flood Risks

Employees’ Perceptions of Workplace Preparedness for Climate Change-Related Natural Hazards

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