Flood disturbance and predator–prey effects on regional gradients in species diversity

Mori, Takemi; Saitoh, Takashi

doi:10.1890/13-0914.1

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…BNI has been widely used to study interaction patterns in molecular biology, medical informatics, economics and social science research [ 19 – 23 ]. However, BNI has only been recently applied to ecological research questions: to microbial community ecology, to the study of assembly rules in invertebrate and bird species, to inform management decisions, and to disentangle direct and indirect associations between environmental variables and species distribution patterns [ 24 – 31 ]. BNI estimates the effect of specific interactions on a focal species considering all the potential direct and indirect relationships among the rest of species in the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure informs species geographic distributions

et al. 2018

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Understanding what determines species’ geographic distributions is crucial for assessing global change threats to biodiversity. Measuring limits on distributions is usually, and necessarily, done with data at large geographic extents and coarse spatial resolution. However, survival of individuals is determined by processes that happen at small spatial scales. The relative abundance of coexisting species (i.e. ‘community structure’) reflects assembly processes occurring at small scales, and are often available for relatively extensive areas, so could be useful for explaining species distributions. We demonstrate that Bayesian Network Inference (BNI) can overcome several challenges to including community structure into studies of species distributions, despite having been little used to date. We hypothesized that the relative abundance of coexisting species can improve predictions of species distributions. In 1570 assemblages of 68 Mediterranean woody plant species we used BNI to incorporate community structure into Species Distribution Models (SDMs), alongside environmental information. Information on species associations improved SDM predictions of community structure and species distributions moderately, though for some habitat specialists the deviance explained increased by up to 15%. We demonstrate that most species associations (95%) were positive and occurred between species with ecologically similar traits. This suggests that SDM improvement could be because species co-occurrences are a proxy for local ecological processes. Our study shows that Bayesian Networks, when interpreted carefully, can be used to include local conditions into measurements of species’ large-scale distributions, and this information can improve the predictions of species distributions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure informs species geographic distributions

et al. 2018

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“…the “Reforestation of Fragmented Forests Project” in Kianjavato, Madagascar 15 , the “Megadiversity Atlantic Forest Biome Restoration Project” in Iracemápolis, Brazil 16 and the “Comprehensive Management” in the Tarim River Basin 17 . In addition, flooding disturbance, taken from restoration ecology and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, is implemented in many places to accomplish ecological restoration goals 18–22 . The flooding disturbance research focuses mainly on its changes in soil physical and chemical properties, community reconstruction and biodiversity variation, and ecological responses of plants to flooding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Spatial Distribution Patterns and Regeneration of Populus euphratica under Different Surface Soil Salinity Conditions

Zhang

Deng

Long

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Ecological conservation and restoration have increasingly captured attention worldwide due to the degradation of ecosystems. As one of the most ecologically fragile areas, the Tarim River Basin, of Xinjiang, China, encountered serious decline of desert riparian forests. The Chinese government has implemented the “Ecological Water Conveyance Project” (EWCP) since 2000, protecting and restoring the dominant natural species of the desert riparian forests, i.e., Populus euphratica Oliv. The regenerative effect after the water conveyance was noteworthy. For the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of P . euphratica forest regeneration to find a better prescription for the ecological restoration works in the Tarim River Basin, we investigated the relationship between the distribution of P . euphratica and soil salinity. Experimentally evaluated the effects of surface soil salinity on P . euphratica seed germination and the influence of river flooding on the salinity of surface soils. The results showed that (1) P . euphratica trees mainly spread along the river channel within 2 km; with increasing vertical distance to the channel, the number of trees declined significantly; (2) where the salinity of the surface soil is high, there are less living P . euphratica trees; (3) the germination of P . euphratica seeds decreases with increased soil conductivity; when the soil conductivity was higher than 7 ms/cm, the germination of P . euphratica seeds was severely curtailed. (4) Flooding regimes were a pre-condition of P . euphratica restoration; they had profound effects on improving the germination of the seeds via ameliorating water conditions and reducing salinity. Our results point out that the most efficient ecological prescription for restoring and protecting desert riparian forests is to induce flooding twice yearly during June to August with 10- to 15-day durations each time. Such a plan (especially in the Tarim River Basin) should prioritize the protection of seedlings.

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“…We used a score‐based hill‐climbing algorithm with an uninformative prior distribution (Scutari, ). The hill‐climbing algorithm assigns scores to each candidate network and maximizes the score with a heuristic search algorithm (Scutari, ; Mori and Saitoh, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of ocean conditions and feeding ecology on the survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Hertz

Trudel

Tucker

et al. 2016

Fisheries Oceanography

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Recruitment variability in many fish populations is postulated to be influenced by climatic and oceanographic variability. However, a mechanistic understanding of the influence of specific variables on recruitment is generally lacking. Feeding ecology is one possible mechanism that more directly links ocean conditions and recruitment. We test this mechanism using juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) collected off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, in 2000-2009. Stable isotopes of carbon (d 13 C), an indicator of temperature or primary productivity, and nitrogen (d 15 N), an indicator of trophic position, were taken from muscle tissues of genetically stock-identified salmon. We also collated large-scale climate indices (e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation), local climate variables (e.g., sea surface temperature) and copepod community composition across these years. We used a Bayesian network to determine how ocean conditions influenced feeding ecology, and subsequent survival rates. We found that smolt survival of Chinook Salmon is predicted by their d 13 C value, but not their d 15 N. In turn, large-scale climate variability determined the d 13 C values of salmon, thus linking climate to survival through feeding ecology, likely through qualities propagated from the base of the food chain.

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Flood disturbance and predator–prey effects on regional gradients in species diversity

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Community structure informs species geographic distributions

Community structure informs species geographic distributions

Change in Spatial Distribution Patterns and Regeneration of Populus euphratica under Different Surface Soil Salinity Conditions

Influences of ocean conditions and feeding ecology on the survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

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