Flood Impact Assessment on Road Network and Healthcare Access at the example of Jakarta, Indonesia

Klipper, Isabell G.; Zipf, Alexander; Lautenbach, Sven

doi:10.5194/agile-giss-2-4-2021

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Studies using graph theory in an urban context [29][30][31] have shown the relevance of centrality indicators for this purpose. Other studies used this indicator to assess the vulnerability of a road network in the context of floods at the urban level [25,32] as well as at the national level [33]. Betweenness centrality of a network node-or edge- [34] sums the number of shortest paths between all pairs of nodes of the network to go through this node.…”

Section: State Of the Art And Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have investigated the potential access to health facilities based on network-based methods at the country level [ 22 ]. Examples involve the analysis of the impacts of conflicts [ 23 ], epidemics [ 24 ], and flooding [ 13 , 25 , 26 ]. The two approaches build on two fundamentally different representations of space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing road criticality and loss of healthcare accessibility during floods: the case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

et al. 2022

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Background The ability of disaster response, preparedness, and mitigation efforts to assess the loss of physical accessibility to health facilities and to identify impacted populations is key in reducing the humanitarian consequences of disasters. Recent studies use either network- or raster-based approaches to measure accessibility in respect to travel time. Our analysis compares a raster- and a network- based approach that both build on open data with respect to their ability to assess the loss of accessibility due to a severe flood event. As our analysis uses open access data, the approach should be transferable to other flood-prone sites to support decision-makers in the preparation of disaster mitigation and preparedness plans. Methods Our study is based on the flood events following Cyclone Idai in Mozambique in 2019 and uses both raster- and network-based approaches to compare accessibility to health sites under normal conditions to the aftermath of the cyclone to assess the loss of accessibility. Part of the assessment is a modified centrality indicator, which identifies the specific use of the road network for the population to reach health facilities. Results Results for the raster- and the network-based approaches differed by about 300,000 inhabitants (~ 800,000 to ~ 500,000) losing accessibility to healthcare sites. The discrepancy was related to the incomplete mapping of road networks and affected the network-based approach to a higher degree. The modified centrality indicator allowed us to identify road segments that were most likely to suffer from flooding and to highlight potential backup roads in disaster settings. Conclusions The different results obtained between the raster- and network-based methods indicate the importance of data quality assessments in addition to accessibility assessments as well as the importance of fostering mapping campaigns in large parts of the Global South. Data quality is therefore a key parameter when deciding which method is best suited for local conditions. Another important aspect is the required spatial resolution of the results. Identification of critical segments of the road network provides essential information to prepare for potential disasters.

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Section: State Of the Art And Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing road criticality and loss of healthcare accessibility during floods: the case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

et al. 2022

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show abstract

“…Studies using graph theory in an urban context (23)(24)(25) have shown the relevance of centrality indicators for this purpose. Other studies used this indicator to assess the vulnerability of a road network in the context of oods at the urban level (19,26) as well as at the national level (27). Betweenness centrality of a network node -or edge -(28) sums the number of shortest paths between all pairs of nodes of the network to go through this node.…”

Section: State Of the Art And Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have investigated the potential access to health facilities based on a network-based method at the country level (16). Examples involve the analysis of the impacts of con icts (17), epidemics (18), and ooding (10,19,20). The two approaches build on two fundamentally different representations of space.…”

Section: State Of the Art And Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare accessibility and road criticality during flood disasters - The case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

Petricola

Reinmuth

Lautenbach

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background:The ability of disaster response, preparedness, and mitigation efforts to assess the loss of physical accessibility to health facilities and to identify impacted populations is key in reducing the humanitarian consequences of disasters. Recent studies use either network- or raster-based approaches to measure accessibility in respect to travel time. Our analysis compares these approaches to assess the loss of accessibility due to a severe flood event. As our analysis uses open access data, the approach should be transferable to other flood-prone sites to support decision-makers in the preparation of disaster mitigation and preparedness plans. Methods: Our study is based on the flood events following Cyclone Idai in Mozambique in 2019 and uses both raster- and network-based approaches to compare accessibility to health sites under normal conditions to the aftermath of the cyclone to assess the loss of accessibility. Part of the assessment is a novel indicator of network criticality, which identifies the specific use of the road network for the population to reach health facilities. Results:Results for the raster- and the network-based approaches differed by about 300,000 inhabitants (~800,000 to ~ 500,000) losing accessibility to healthcare sites. The discrepancy was related to the incomplete mapping of road networks and affected the network-based approach to a higher degree. The analysis of road criticality allowed us to identify road segments that were most likely to suffer from flooding and to highlight potential backup roads in disaster settings. Conclusions:The different results obtained between the raster- and network-based methods indicate the importance of data quality assessments in addition to accessibility assessments as well as the importance of fostering mapping campaigns in large parts of the Global South. Data quality is therefore a key parameter when deciding which method is best suited for local conditions. Another important aspect is the required spatial resolution of the results. Identification of critical segments of the road network provides essential information to prepare for potential disasters.

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“…Existing studies assess the vulnerability and accessibility of roads during floods by jointly applying the rainfall–runoff model, the 2-D hydrodynamic model, and road network analysis 36 , 37 . For example, Klipper, et al 38 evaluated the accessibility of road networks to hospitals during floods in Jakarta using urban hydraulic models. Katya, et al 18 analyzed the impacts of flooding on traffic in St Maarten, the Netherlands, by integrating a flood model (MIKE Flood) and a traffic model (SUMO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood impacts on urban road connectivity in southern China

Zhou

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Effective measures to improve road accessibility during storms are required as traffic congestion caused by storm floods increasingly constrains the efficiency of urban commuting. However, flood impacts on urban road connectivity are not yet well assessed due to inaccurate simulation of flood processes in urban areas where high-resolution data for drainage networks and gauged hydrological data are insufficient. Thus, this study assesses flood impacts on road network connectivity in an urban area of southern China through joint modeling of 1-D hydrodynamic processes in drainage networks and 2-D flood inundation processes on roads using MIKE Urban and MIKE 21. High-resolution DEM images of 5 m and a drainage network of 5635 pipelines were used for urban hydrological simulation. Flood depths were gauged for model calibration and validation by recruited volunteers in the context of citizen science. The results show that road network connectivity decreases as rainfall increases. More than 40% of road connectivity is lost in the study area when a 1-in-100-year return period rainfall occurs. The study results can help to inform more adaptive strategies for local flood control. The study methods are also applicable to improving urban hydrological modeling in broader regions.

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Flood Impact Assessment on Road Network and Healthcare Access at the example of Jakarta, Indonesia

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing road criticality and loss of healthcare accessibility during floods: the case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

Assessing road criticality and loss of healthcare accessibility during floods: the case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

Healthcare accessibility and road criticality during flood disasters - The case of Cyclone Idai, Mozambique 2019

Flood impacts on urban road connectivity in southern China

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